January 1: New Year's Day
On this day in Georgia, black-eyed peas and turnip greens are eaten for good luck. In the mid-19th century, it was a day for calling: a gentleman was obliged to pay a visit to every lady of his acquaintance. Formal dress was worn and at each house there was a table filled with cakes, preserves, wine, oysters and hot coffee. The Vietnamese believe that the first visitor on New Year's Day brings either good or bad luck, so you should invite someone very respected to visit.
Coloring Pages: http://coloringbookfun.com/new_years/index.htm
Family Resolution Book: http://familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,1-4460,00.html
New Year's Activities, Ideas, and More: http://www.gaillovely.com/newyears.htm
New Year's Candy Holder: http://familycrafts.about.com/library/projects/bly2kcup.htm
New Year's Crafts: http://www.kidszone.ourfamily.com/newyearscrafts.html
New Year's Party: http://recipes4learning.com/Detailed/198.html
New Year's Arts And Crafts: http://www.preschooleducation.com/anewyear.shtml
New Year's Freeze Dance: http://www.preschooleducation.com/newyear.shtml
New Year's Resolutions Writing Form: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/January/newyear1.htm
New Year's Songs: http://www.preschooleducation.com/snewyear.shtml
New Year's Theme Page: http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/newyears.php
New Year's Wish Writing Form: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/January/newyear2htm
Party Ideas: http://www.abcteach.com/abcbabysit/Holidays/newyears/party.htm
Billy Bear/s Happy New Year: http://www.billybear4kids.com/holidays/newyears/fun.htm
Blackdog New Year's Cards: http://blackdog4kids.com/holiday/newyear/cards/index.html
Create a Time Capsule: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1465/timecapsule.html
Happy New Year: http://www.arose4ever.com/intrnetgrl/newyear.htm
Happy New Year Coloring Book: http://blackdog4kids.com/holiday/newyear/index.html
New Year's Fun and Games: http://www.kidswebsite.com/new_years_fun_and_games.htm
Blackdog New Year's Tic-Tac-Toe: http://blackdog4kids.com/holiday/newyear/tictactoe/
Fireworks Crafts: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/fireworks/
New Year's Calendars for Kids: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/newyear/
New Year's Coloring Pages: http://www.coloring.ws/newyears.htm
New Year's Hat: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/newyearshat.shtml
New Year's Unit: http://www.perpetualpreschool.com/newyear.htm
-1735: Paul Revere, American patriot, was born.
-1863: Emancipation Proclamation (ending slavery) issued by President Lincoln, freeing all slaves in the United States.
-1879: E. M. Forster was born in London. He's the author of A Room with a View (1908), Howards End (1910) and A Passage to India (1924). He wrote his five most important novels before he was forty.
-1892: Ellis Island immigration station was opened.
-1919: J. D. Salinger was born in New York City. He grew up in a well-to-do family living on Park Avenue. His father was an importer of kosher cheese. He went to prep school, was drafted into the Army and took part in the invasion of Normandy. His comrades considered him to be very brave. He came back to New York and started publishing stories in Story magazine, the Saturday Evening Post, Esquire and The New Yorker. His first novel, The Catcher in the Rye (1951), was an immediate success and still sells about a quarter million copies a year.
-1933: Playwright Joe Orton was born in Leicester, England. He wrote Entertaining Mr. Sloane (1964), Loot (1965), and What the Butler Saw (1969). He was murdered in his prime by his lover, Kenneth Halliwell, who then committed suicide.
-1935: Cartoonist B. Kliban was born in Connecticut.

January 2
-1647: Virginia patriot Nathaniel Bacon was born.
-1727: British Gen. James Wolfe, hero of the battle of Quebec, was born.
-1788: Georgia ratified the Constitution, the fourth of the original 13 colonies to do so, and was admitted to the union.
-1839: First photo of the Moon taken by French photographer Louis Daguerre.
-1870: Construction began on the Brooklyn Bridge.
-1886: Antarctic explorer and author Apsley Cherry-Garrard, born in Bedford, England. He's the author of the Antarctic travelogue, The Worst Journey in the World (1922). His book is about a search for the eggs of the Emperor Penguin in 1912. He and his two companions traveled in near total darkness and temperatures that reached negative 77.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
-1904: Fan dancer Sally Rand was born.
-1920: Author Isaac Asimov was born in Petrovichi, Russia. His family moved to Brooklyn in 1923, where they ran a candy shop for 40 years. Asimov wrote, edited or compiled several hundred books on subjects ranging from Don Juan and the Bible to humor and mathematics. He also wrote dozens of works of science fiction. He typed ninety words a minute, and he worked ten hours a day, seven days a week. He tried to turn out four thousand words before he got up from his typewriter every day. Even though many of his works dealt with space travel and flight, Asimov was afraid of flying. His phobia began while trying to impress a date by going on a roller coaster at the 1940 New York World's Fair. He traveled little in his lifetime because of his fear of flying, staying close to his home in New York.
-1921: Crosby Bonsall was born.
-1930: Singer Julius La Rosa was born.
-1936: Singer/songwriter Roger Miller was born.
-1939: Former televangelist Jim Bakker was born.
-1942: Japanese forces occupied Manila, forcing U.S. and Philippine forces under Gen. Douglas MacArthur to withdraw to the Bataan peninsula.
-1959: The Soviet Union launched Lunik-1, the first unmanned spacecraft to travel to the moon. Fidel Castro led Cuban revolutionaries to victory over Fulgencio Batista.
-1967: Actor Tia Carrere was born
-1968: Cuba Gooding Jr. was born.
-1969: Model Christy Turlingtonwas born.
-1974: President Nixon signed a bill requiring states to limit highway speeds to 55 mph or lose federal highway funds.
-1975: Kenneth Brugger discovered where monarch butterflies from North America spend the winter. Scientists had been looking for the place for generations. They knew monarchs flew south to Mexico, but they had never been able to find out where they went. Brugger, a textile chemist who was living in Mexico City, saw an ad asking for help tracing the monarchs' migratory path, and remembered driving through a storm of monarchs once on a vacation, in the mountains west of Mexico City. He had no luck there at first, but when he brought his wife Catalina, who was Mexican, the local farmers were less reluctant to tell them where they thought the butterflies might be. Finally, a farmer led them up the side of a remote mountain, through dense forests of fir, until they came to a meadow filled with millions of butterflies. The monarchs clung to the foliage in such profusion that the trees looked orange instead of green.
-1990: Elite Soviet interior ministry troops seized buildings in the Baltic republics of Latvia and Lithuania. Britain's most wanted terrorist suspect, Patrick Sheehy, was found dead in the Republic of Ireland.
-2001: President Bush nominated a Democrat to his Cabinet, picking Norman Mineta, President Clinton's commerce secretary, to head the Department of Transportation.

January 3
-1521: Martin Luther excommunicated by Roman Catholic Church.
-1870: Construction began on the Brooklyn Bridge.
-1892: J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel) Tolkien, author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, was born in South Africa. His family moved to England after his father died, and his mother taught him Latin and converted him to Catholicism. She died when he was twelve, and friends said he stayed a Catholic and continued to study languages in her memory. He taught himself Old Norse, and read the ancient sagas and stories of Northern Europe in their original languages. "Literature stops in the year 1100," he once said. "After that it's only books." He arrived at Oxford as a scholar of philology, and he met C.S. Lewis there. With a number of other men, he formed The Inklings, a group of Christian writers who met to read aloud what they'd written every week. They talked late into the night about whether or not books could be "morally serious fantasy."

January 4
-1643: Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician and meteorologist, was born.
-1785: Jacob Grimm, who with his borther, authored Grimm's Fairy Tales, was born.
-1790: President Washington delivers first "state of the Union" address
-1809: Lois Braille, who originated the Braille system for the blind, was born.

January 5
-1864: George Washington Carver was born.
-1896: German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the X-ray.
-1905: Anniversary of the incorporation of the National Association of Audubon Societies.
-1909: Stephen Cole Kleene was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He helped to develop recursion theory, a field of mathematics that determines whether or not a mathematical problem can actually be solved, and whether a computer can be used to solve it.
-1926: Poet W. D. Snodgrass was born in Wilkinsberg, Pennsylvania. He's the author of the collections Heart's Needle (1959), and The Fuhrer Bunker (1977).
-1932: Umberto Eco was born in the Piedmont region of Italy. He's a professor at the University of Bologna, and the author of the novels The Name of the Rose (1981), and Foucault's Pendulum (1989).

January 6
-1412: Joan of Arc was born.
-1535: City of Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro.
-1759: George Washington married widow Martha Dandridge Custis.
-1822: Archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, who discovered the ruins of ancient Troy, was born.
-1838: In Morristown, N.J., Samuel F.B. Morse and his partner, Alfred Vail, publicly demonstrated their new invention, the telegraph, for the first time.
-1878: Poet Carl Sandburg was born.
-1880: Silent movie cowboy star Tom Mix was born.
-1882: Former Speaker of the House of Representatives Sam Rayburn was born.
-1912: New Mexico joined the United States as the 47th state.
-1913: Loretta Young, actress, was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Beginning as a child actor in silent films, she became one of Hollywood’s foremost leading ladies of the 1930s and 1940s. She made close to 100 films. She also starred in The Loretta Young Show, which ran for eight seasons (1953 - 1961) making her one of the first major Hollywood stars to build a successful career TV. She won the first of her three Emmy Awards in 1953, becoming the first actress to win both an Oscar and an Emmy.
-1914: Actor Danny Thomas was born.
-1919: The 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, died in Oyster Bay, N.Y., at age 60.
-1921: Pollster Louis Harris was born.
-1924: Musician Earl Scruggs was born.
-1925: Auto executive John DeLorean was born. Paavo Nurmi, known as the "Flying Finn" and regarded as the greatest runner of his day, set world records in the mile and 5,000-meter run within the space of one hour in his first U.S. appearance, an indoor meet at New York City's new
Madison Square Garden.
-1931: Author E.L. Doctorow was born.
-1942: A Pan American Airways plane arrived in New York to complete the first around-the-world flight by a commercial airliner.
-1944: Actress Bonnie Franklin was born.
-1950: Britain formally recognized the communist government of China.
-1955: Actor Rowan Atkinson ("Mr. Bean")was born.
-1968: Filmmaker John Singleton was born.
-1984: The first test-tube quadruplets, all boys, were born in Melbourne, Australia. The 100th Congress convened with Democrats controlling the Senate, and thus both houses, for the first
time under the Reagan administration.
-1993: Dancer and choreographer Rudolf Nureyev died at age 54 of cardiac complications; his doctor later confirmed it was AIDS. Jazz trumpeteer Dizzy Gillespie died of cancer at age 75. It was announced that Japan's Crown Prince Naruhito would marry a 29-year-old Foreign Ministry official, a commoner, in June.
-1994: U.S. figure skater Nancy Kerrigan was clubbed on the right knee by a man who then fled. The attack, which forced Kerrigan to withdraw from the U.S. Figure Skating Championship, was traced to four men with links to her leading rival, Tonya Harding.
-1998: Some 300 people were reported to have been massacred in the past several days in Algeria's bloody civil war.

January 7
-1598: Boris Godunov seizes Russian throne on death of Feodore I
-1610: Galileo, using his primitive telescope, discovered the four major moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
-1745: Frenchman Jacques Montgolfier, who, with his brother, invented the hot air balloon, was born.
-1782: The Bank of North America, the first commercial bank, in the U.S., opened.
-1789: The first nationwide U.S. presidential election was held. The electors chosen by the voters unanimously picked George Washington as president and John Adams as vice president.
-1800: Millard Fillmore, 13th president of the United States, was born.
-1844: Bernadette Soubirous, who became St. Bernadette and whose visions led to the foundation of the shrine at Lourdes, France, was born.
-1873: Film executive Adolph Zukor was born.
-1912: Charles Samuel Addams, cartoonist, was born in Westfield, New Jersey, USA. He was a regular contributor to The New Yorker from 1935 onwards, specializing in macabre humor and a ghoulish group which was immortalized on television in the 1960s as The Addams Family.
-1922: Actor Vincent Gardenia was born.
-1927: Commercial trans-Atlantic telephone service between New York and London was inaugurated.
-1928: Author William Blatty (“The Exorcist”) was born.
-1931: As the Great Depression was getting under way, a report to President Hoover estimated that four-million to five-million Americans were out of work.
-1938: Singer Paul Revere was born.
-1948: Kenny Loggins was born.
-1947: Rolling Stone magazine publisher Jann Wenner was born.
-1952: Actress Erin Grey was born.
-1957: "Today" co-host Katie Couric was born.
-1964: Actor Nicholas Cage was born.
-1979: Vietnamese forces captured the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, overthrowing the Khmer Rouge government.
-1989: Japan’s Emperor Hirohito died.
-1990: Jeffrey Lundgren, a self-proclaimed prophet and leader of a breakaway religious sect wanted for the slayings of five Ohio followers, was arrested in California at a motel near the Mexican border.
-1991: Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney announced he was canceling the Navy's A-12 Stealth attack plane project. Loyalist troops attacked Haiti's presidential palace, rescuing President Ertha Pascal-Trouillot and capturing the coup plotters.
-1993: The EPA released a long-awaited report that classified environmental tobacco smoke as a carcinogen.
-1996: An immense storm system dumped up to three feet of snow onto the Mid-Atlantic and New England states.
-1997: Rep. Newt Gingrich, R-Ga., was re-elected Speaker of the House and then reprimanded for violating House rules and misled the House Ethics Committee in its probe of possible political use of tax-exempt donations.
-1998: A federal jury in Denver was unable to agree on a penalty for Terry Nichols, convicted in December 1997 in connection with the April 1995 bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City. That meant he would not face the death penalty.
-1999: President Clinton's impeachment trial opened in the Senate. He would be acquitted.

January 8
-1486: Financier Nicholas Biddle was born.
-1790: The first State of the Union Message was delivered by George Washington.
-1792: Educator and hymn writer Lowell Mason ("Nearer My God To Thee") was born.
-1815: The forces of American Gen. Andrew Jackson decisively defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans, the closing engagement of the War of 1812.
-1821: James Longstreet, Confederate general in the Civil War, was born.
-1838: First telegraph message sent using dots and dashes from NJ
-1862: Publisher Frank Doubleday was born.
-1867: Congress approved legislation that, for the first time, allowed blacks to vote in the District of Columbia.
-1909: Reading teacher Evelyn Wood was born.
-1912: Actor Jose Ferrer was born.
-1925: Comic actor Larry Storch was born.
-1926: Comedian Soupy Sales was born.
-1933: Newsman Charles Osgood was born.
-1935: Elvis Aaron Presley, singer and actor, was born in Tupelo, Mississippi. An only child (a twin brother, Jesse Garon, was stillborn), Presley was raised by his parents, Gladys and Vernon, in a poor and extremely religious home. in 1953 he began working as a truck driver and studying evenings to be an electrician. Later that year, he made a private recording for his mother at the Memphis Sound Studio, where he attracted the attention of proprietor Sam Phillips. It was his 1956 appearance on Ed Sullivan's Talk of the Town that made him a national sensation: his pelvic gyrations on that program were considered so scandalous that he was shown only from the waist up. Presley’s death in 1977, at age 42, shocked his fans, who have never given up on the music, mementos, and memory of the man regarded as "The King of Rock & Roll."
-1937: Singer Shirley Bassey was born.
-1938: Game-show host Bob Eubanks was born.
-1941: Actress Yvette Mimieux was born.
-1942: Physicist and author Stephen Hawking was born.
-1947: Singer David Bowie was born.
-1970: Actress Ami Dolenz, daughter of former Monkee Mickey Dolenz, was born.
-1973: The trial of the "Watergate Seven" began in Washington, D.C. The defendants were charged with breaking into Democratic Party national headquarters.
-1976: Chinese Premier Chou En-lai died in Beijing.
-1987: Kay Orr was inaugurated in Lincoln, Neb., as the nation's first woman Republican governor. The Dow Jones industrial average closed above 2000 for the first time.
-1991: One person was killed and 248 injured when a London commuter train crashed into the buffers at a station. Pan American World Airways filed for bankruptcy.
-1993: Thousands gathered at Elvis Presley's Graceland mansion in Memphis, Tenn., to purchase the first issue of a stamp honoring the King of Rock 'n' Roll on what would have been his 58th birthday.
-1994: Tonya Harding won the U.S. Figure Skating Championship in Detroit, qualifying her for the Winter Olympics. The U.S. Figure Skating Association also named Nancy Kerrigan to the team, despite her injury in an attack two days earlier.
-1997: A report by University of Texas scientists concluded that exposure to a combination of chemicals was somehow linked to Gulf War Syndrome, responsible for the various ailments reported by veterans of the 1991 conflict.
-2001: Former Gov. Edwin Edwards of Louisiana was sentenced to 10 years in prison after being convicted of extorting money from applicants seeking riverboat casino licenses.

January 9
-1317: Philip V, the Tall, crowned King of France
-1859: Women's suffrage and peace movement leader Carrie Chapman Catt was born.
-1861: Mississippi seceded from the Union.
-1878: Pioneer psychologist John Watson was born.
-1904: Choreographer George Balanchine was born.
-1908: French novelist Simone de Beauvoir was born.
-1913: Richard Nixon, 37th president of the United States, was born.
-1914: Striptease artist Gypsy Rose Leewas born.
-1915: Actor Fernando Lamas was born.
-1925: Actor Lee Van Cleef was born.
1928: Author Judith Krantz was born.
-1935: Actor Bob Denver and sportscaster Dick Enberg were born.
-1941: Singer Joan Baez and actress Susannah York were born.
-1945: In World War II, American troops invaded the Philippine island of Luzon and went on to liberate Manila.
-1951: Country singer Crystal Gayle was born.
-1965: Basketball player Tyrone Curtis Muggsy Bogues and actress Joely Richardson were born.
-1967: Dave Matthews of the Dave Matthews Band was born.
-1969: The British-French supersonic Concorde jetliner made its first test flight at Bristol, England.
-1986: The Internal Revenue Service, for the first time, announced it would withhold income tax refunds coming to 750,000 government loan defaulters, most of them former students.
-1993: Seven people were found shot to death at a fast-food chicken restaurant in Palatine, Ill., northwest of Chicago.The crime remains unsolved.
-1995: House Speaker Newt Gingrich asked for the resignation of House historian Christina Jeffrey after it was revealed she'd once criticized a school program on the Holocaust for not in-
cluding the "Nazi point of view" or that of the Ku Klux Klan.
-1996: A federal appeals panel ruled that a sexual harassment suit filed against President Clinton by an ex-state worker of Arkansas could proceed. Rebels in the Russian republic of Chechnya over-ran the town of Kizlyar and took 2,000 hostages at a hospital and in nearby homes.
-1999: French NATO forces killed a suspected war criminal in Bosnia while trying to arrest him. Dragan Gagovic had been charged in the rape and torture of Muslim women during a Serb
offensive in eastern Bosnia in 1992-93.
-2001: Linda Chavez, President-elect Bush’s nominee for secretary of labor, withdrew from consideration after it was revealed that she’d sheltered an illegal alien from Guatemala.

January 10
-1776: American Thomas Paine published Common Sense, a pamphlet calling for independence from England.
-1863: First underground subway opens in London
-1878: A constitutional amendment that would give women the right to vote was introduced into the U.S. Senate. It wasn’t until 42 years later that the amendment was signed into law.
-1883: Silent screen actor Francis X. Bushman was born.
-1887: Poet Robinson Jeffers was born.
-1901: Oil was discovered at the Spindletop claim near Beaumont, Texas, launching the Southwest oil boom.
-1904: Ray Bolger, actor and dancer, was born in Boston, Massachusetts. A rubber legged dancer who appeared on stage and television, he is best remembered as the wobbly scarecrow
in "The Wizard of Oz" (1939). He received numerous theatre awards, including a Tony in 1949.
-1908: Actor Paul Henreid was born.
-1920: The League of Nations came into being as the Treaty of Versailles went into effect. The United States did not join the League.
-1927: Singer Johnnie Ray was born.
1936: Robert W. Wilson, physicist and radio astronomer, was born in Houston, Texas. He was a fellow in radio astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (1962--63), then joined Bell
Laboratories (1963). In 1964 he and his collaborator Arno Penzias detected microwave noise in the constellation Cassiopeia that proved to be residual radiation from the "big bang" at the creation of the universe. This discovery won Wilson and Penzias half the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics.
-1939: Actor Sal Mineo was born.
-1940: Singer Frank Sinatra Jr. was born.
-1942: Singer Jim Croce was born.
-1945: Singer Rod Stewart was born.
-1946: The first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly was held in London.
-1949: George Foreman. boxer, was born in Marshall, Texas. He was the world heavyweight boxing champion (1971-74). In 1994 Foreman became the oldest heavyweight champion in
history at age 45.
-1953: Singer Pat Benatar was born.
-1984: The United States established full diplomatic relations with the Vatican for the first time in 116 years.
-1994: NATO approved a plan for a limited expansion of the membership to Eastern European nations.
-1995: The Senate unanimously approved President Clinton's nomination of Robert Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury.
-1996: Rebels in the Russian republic of Chechnya holding 2,000 rebels released all but 130 and were allowed to flee. However, before they reached the border, Russian troops attacked the convoy, causing the rebels to hole up in a nearby town and beginning a five-day standoff. Israel freed 812 Palestinians from jails.
-2000: America Online announced it had agreed to buy Time Warner for $165 billion, in what would be the biggest merger in history.

January 11
-1755: Alexander Hamilton, 1st secretary of the treasury, was born.
-1757: American statesman Alexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury, was born.
-1785: The Continental Congress convened in New York City.
-1807: Ezra Cornell, founder of Western Union Telegraph company and Cornell University, was born.
-1815: Sir John MacDonald, first prime minister of Canada, was born.
-1842: Psychologist and philosopher William James was born.
-1861: Alabama seceded from the Union.
-1885: Feminist lawyer Alice Paul was born.
-1903: South African novelist Alan Paton ("Cry the Beloved Country") was born.
-1930: Actor Rod Taylor was born.
-1934: Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien was born.
-1935: American aviator Amelia Earhart Putnam became the first woman to fly across the Pacific from Hawaii to California.
-1946: Singer Naomi Judd was born.
-1963: First discotheque, Whiskey-a-Go-Go, opens in LA
-1964: U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry released a report saying smoking cigarettes is a definite "health hazard."
-1971: Singer Mary J. Blige was born.
-1990: Martial law, imposed during the June 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement, was lifted in Beijing. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited Lithuania in effort to cool secessionist fervor.
-1991: Congress authorized the use of military force to oust Iraq from Kuwait.
-1993: Doctors in Pittsburgh performed the second ever baboon-to-human liver transplant; the 62-year-old recipient did not survive long.
-1994: President Clinton kicked off a visit to Eastern Europe with a stop in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic.
-1995: The U.S. State Department accused Russia of breaking an international agreement by making major troop movements into the rebel republic of Chechnya without providing notification. Hockey team owners and players reached an agreement, salvaging the 1994-95 NHL season.
-1996: The Japanese Diet elected Ryutaro Hashimoto, head of the Liberal Democratic Party, as the new premier.
-2000: The British government declared Chile’s Gen. Augusto Pinochet medically unfit to stand trial in Spain. The ruling cleared the way for the former dictator to avoid charges of crimes against humanity.
-2001: The Federal Communications Commission approved the merger of American Online and Time Warner Inc., creating the world’s largest media conglomerate. A yearlong investigation by the U.S. Army concluded that American soldiers shot and killed unarmed South Korean civilians in July 1950 during the Korean War.

January 12
-1773: First public museum established in US in Charleston, SC.
-1856: John Singer Sargent, American portraitist and muralist, was born.
-1876: Jack London was born.

January 13
-1559: Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey
-1961: Julia Louis-Dreyfus, actress, was born. Louis-Dreyfus started out in two Chicago-based theater groups: the Practical Theatre company and the Second City comedy troupe. After a stint on Saturday Night Live, she took the role that would shape her career. In 1989, she became
Elaine Benes on the hit comedy series "Seinfeld". Louis-Dreyfus has won 2 Emmys and a Golden Globe for her performance on the show.

January 14
-1639: The first constitution in the American colonies, the "Fundamental Orders," was adopted in Hartford, Conn., by representatives of Wethersfield, Windsor, and Hartford.
-1741: Benedict Arnold, soldier, patriot, and traitor, was born in Norwich, CT. He led
American troops during the American Revolution but laterbbecame a spy for the British. His hot temper and impulsiveness earned him many enemies. In 1870, hurt by Congress's treatment and needing money, he began to sell the British information about American troop movements. He planned to turn over the strategic post at West Point, N.Y., to the English for 10,000 pounds, and persuaded Washington to place him in command there. The plan fell through when his contact, Major John Andre, was captured with incriminating documents. Andre was executed and Arnold fled, spending the rest of the war in a British uniform fighting his own countrymen. He died in London in 1801, despised in America and forgotten in England.
-1784: Revolutionary War ends. Congress ratifies Treaty of Paris.
-1794: Dr. Jesse Bennett of Edom, Va., performed the first successful Caesarean section.
-1874: Thornton Waldo Burgess, author of "Peter Rabbit," was born.
-1875: Albert Schweitzer, medical missionary, theologian, musician, and philosopher, was born in Kaysersberg, Germany. True to his vow to devote his life to serving humanity when he reached age 30, he began to study medicine in 1905 (despite his international reputation in music and theology.) After qualifying in 1913, he and his wife set out to set up a hospital to fight leprosy and sleeping sickness at Lambarene, French Equatorial Africa. He remained there for the rest of his life, apart from fund-raising visits and occasional lectures in Europe. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.
-1892: Silent comedy film director Hal Roach was born.
-1896: Novelist John dos Passos was born.
-1914: Henry Ford introduced the assembly line method of manufacturing cars, allowing completion of one Model-T Ford every 90 minutes.
-1919: Andy Rooney, TV writer, correspondent and producer, was born. His non-fiction segments on themes as seemingly mundane as doors, umbrellas or idioms have held the public's interest during his long tenure, from 1978 on, at the weekly TV news show "60 Minutes". Over
the years, Rooney's crotchety broadcasts which close "60 Minutes" each week have made Rooney a constant in the popular culture of an older generation.
-1924: Actor Guy Williams ("Lost In Space") was born.
-1938: Singer Jack Jones was born.
-1941: Actress Faye Dunaway was born.
-1943: Astronaut Shannon Lucid was born. President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill opened a 10-day World War II strategy conference in Casablanca, Morocco.
-1945: Evangelist-turned-actor-and-singer Marjoe Gortner was born.
-1948: Actor Carl Weathers was born.
-1949: Filmmaker Lawrence Kasdan was born.
-1952: NBC’s “Today,” the program that started the morning news show format as we know it, premiered.
-1969: Actor Jason Bateman was born. A series of explosions aboard the nuclear aircraft carrier USS Enterprise off Hawaii killed 10 men.
-1985: The British pound sank to a record low, $1.11, and the Bank of England raised interest rates to halt the decline.
-1991: Two PLO leaders and a third man were killed in Tunis. Al Fatah, the PLO's main-line faction, blamed a dissident group for the assassinations.
-1993: David Letterman accepted a multimillion-dollar deal to move his late night talk show to CBS in August after his NBC contract expires.
-1994: The man believed to have carried out the attack on skater Nancy Kerrigan surrendered in Phoenix, Az.
-2000: Thousands of Cubans marched in Havana to demand that 6-year-old refugee Elian Gonzalez be returned to his father in Cuba. The boy’s mother had drowned as they tried to enter
the United States; the child was turned over to a great-uncle in Miami.

January 15
-1535: Henry VIII declares himself head of English Church
-1759: The British Museum opened.
-1844: Outlaw Cole Younger was born.
-1870: A cartoon by Thomas Nast appeared in Harper's weekly with a donkey symbolizing the Democratic Party for the first time. The symbol stuck.
-1906: Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis was born.
-1908: Nuclear physicist Edward Teller was born.
-1909: Drummer Gene Krupa was born.
-1913: Actor Lloyd Bridges was born.
-1915: Folk music scholar Alan Lomax was born.
-1918: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser was born.
-1922: The Irish Free State was formed.
-1929: Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and one of the world's best-known advocates of Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent social change, was born in Atlanta, GA. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech on August 28, 1963 at the 1963 civil rights march to 250,000 protesters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, in Washington, D.C. On the third Monday in January, the United States celebrates Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday.
*2004 Dr. Martin Luther King Holiday: http://www.king-raleigh.org/splash.htm
*Activities For Martin Luther King Day: http://www.worldtodiscover.com/kids/mlkday/mlk_act.html
*All About Martin Luther King, Jr.: An Overview of his Life: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/history/us/MLK/
*Annie's "Martin Luther King Jr. Day" Page: http://www.annieshomepage.com/mlkday.html
*The Beloved Community: http://www.thekingcenter.org
This is the King Center's own site.
*Celebrate Martin Luther King: http://craftsforkids.about.com/library/spdays/bljan15th.htm
*Dr. Martin Luther King Day Activities For English Language Learners: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/9087/mlk/index.html
*Dr. Martin Luther King Interactive Scavenger Hunt: http://users.rcn.com/tstrong.massed/Martin.htm
*Golden Legacy-The Life Of Martin Luther King Jr.: http://golden-legacy.com/mlkjr1.html
*"I Have A Dream " Speech: http://www.webcorp.com/civilrights/mlk3.wav
*The Impact of Martin Luther King's I Have A Dream:
http://nmaa-ryder.si.edu/collections/exhibits/posters/mlk.html
*A LIFE Tribute to Martin Luther King, Jr.: http://www.life.com/Life/
Listen to Martin Luther King Jr. give the speech using the wave file.
*Martin Luther King, Jr: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/index.html
*Martin Luther King Jr.: http://www.sherylfranklin.com/holidays/mlking.html
*Martin Luther King: Color and Write: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/January/mlking2.htm
*Martin Luther King Coloring Sheet: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8004/colormlk.html
*Martin Luther King Jr. Craft: http://www.dltk-kids.com/crafts/mmlk.html
*Martin Luther King, Jr. Day: http://www.teach-nology.com/teachers/lesson_plans/holidays/mlk/
*Martin Luther King, Jr. Day and Black History Month: http://www.lib.lsu.edu/hum/mlk/
*Martin Luther King Day Cards: http://www.marlo.com/holiday/martin_luther_king/king.htm
*Martin Luther King Day Email Cards: http://www.emailcard.com/pages/mlkd/mlkdcat/mlkdcat1.html
*Martin Luther King, Jr. Day of Service: http://www.mlkday.org/
*Martin Luther King, Jr. Interactive Classroom: http://www.seattletimes.com/mlk/classroom/index.html
*Martin Luther King KWL Chart: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/January/mlkingkwl.htm
*The Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project at Stanford University: http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/
On the home page is the most Frequently Requested Documents, linking to his 4/16/63 letter from the Birmingham, Ala., jail, his "I Have a Dream" speech in multiple languages, his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize (12/10/64), and his last speech, "I've Been to the Mountaintop" (4/3/68). The site also contains a King biography and encyclopedia.
*Martin Luther King Poem: http://www.concentric.net/~Gamba/wantedpeace.html
*Martin Luther King Report Form: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/January/mlking.htm
*Martin Luther King Resource Page: http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/martinlutherking.php
*Martin Luther King Theme: http://www.childfun.com/themes/mlk.shtml
*Martin Luther King Theme: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8004/mlk.html
*Martin Luther King: Write A Poem: http://www.abcteach.com/peace/martin_luther_king.htm
*A Mighty Man: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/8075/amightyman.html
*MLK Web: A Teacher's Guide to Martin Luther King, Jr.: http://martinlutherking.8m.com/
*Online Activity-Achieving Dreams: http://nmaa-ryder.si.edu/webzine/gdream.htm
*A Teeny Tiny Book: Martin Luther King: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/6459/mlk.html
*Unity Handprint Wreath: http://www.dltk-kids.com/world/munitywreath.htm
*Web Smarts: http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0115/p12s1-legn.html
This site links to its top picks for information on Dr. King, including where you can hear him give his "I Have a Dream" speech and a site providing an online tour of cities touched by his life.
-1937: Actress Margaret O'Brien was born.
-1943: The Pentagon, the world's largest building of its kind, was completed on the Virginia side of the Potomac River just outside Washington, D.C.
-1947: Actress Andrea Martin was born.
-1951: Singer/actress Charo (Maria Martinez) was born.
-1957: Actors Mario Van Peebles was born.
-1967: The first Super Bowl was played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Green Bay Packers defeating the Kansas City Chiefs, 35-10, to win the first NFL-AFL World Championship Game.
-1968: Chad Lowe was born.
-1973: President Nixon called a halt to American military offensives in Vietnam.
-1986: Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev proposed a sweeping new arms control plan to eliminate all nuclear weapons by the year 2000 and rid "mankind of the fear of nuclear catastrophe."
-1991: Aleksandr Bessmertnykh was confirmed as the new Soviet foreign minister.
-1993: The U.S. Coast Guard announced it would beef up patrols off the coast of Haiti in hopes of halting an expected exodus of refugees headed for the United States. A Colorado judge blocked enforcement of a voter-approved state constitutional amendment banning laws protecting homosexuals from discrimination. IFour-time Oscar-winning songwriter Sammy Cahn, who
penned such hits as "Fly Me to the Moon" and "Three Coins in the Fountain," died of heart failure at age 79.
-1997: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat reached an agreement on the Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank city of Hebron.
-1999: Serb forces killed 45 ethnic Albanian civilians in Kosovo.
-2000: The notorious Serbian paramilitary leader known as Arkan (Zeljko Raznotovic) was shot to death in a hotel lobby in Belgrade.

January 16
Religious Freedom Day - http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/religiousfreedom.php
-1547: Ivan IV (the Terrible), age 17, crowns himself first Czar of Moscow
-1838: German philosopher Franz Brentano was born.
-1853: Andre Michelin, the French industrialist who first mass-produced rubber automobile tires, was born.
-1874: Canadian poet Robert Service was born.
-1883: Congress passed a bill creating the civil service.
-1901: Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista was born.
-1909: Singer Ethel Merman was born.
-1911: Baseball pitcher Jay "Dizzy" Dean was born.
-1920: The United States went legally "dry" as prohibition of alcoholic beverages took effect under the 18th amendment to the Constitution. The amendment was repealed in 1933.
-1925: Leon Trotsky was dismissed as chairman of the Russian Revolution Military Council.
-1928: Singer Eartha Kitt was born.
-1934: Opera singer Marilyn Horne was born.
-1935: Race car driver A.J. Foyt was born.
-1942: Screen star Carole Lombard, her mother and 20 other people were killed in a commercial airliner crash near Las Vegas, Nev. Lombard was the wife of actor Clark Gable.
-1944: Gen. Eisenhower arrived in London to assume command of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe (SHAEF).
-1945: Battle of the Bulge, the final German offensive of World War II, ended in allied victory.
-1946: Country singer Ronnie Milsap was born.
-1948: Director John Carpenter was born.
-1950: Choreographer, actress and director Debbie Allen was born.
-1968: Actor David Chokachi (“Baywatch”) was born.
-1984: President Reagan called for "peaceful competition" with Moscow. He authorized research and development on space-age weapons capable of destroying incoming nuclear missiles, the program known as "Star Wars."
-1986: Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi said Libya would train, arm and protect Arab guerrillas for Palestinian "suicide and terrorist missions," his first explicit endorsement of terrorism.
-1987: China's No. 2 leader, Hu Yaobang, 71, was forced to resign as Communist Party chief for failing to curb student demonstrations for more democracy.
-1990: Moscow rushed 11,000 more troops to Azerbaijan and Armenia to reinforce soldiers trying to quell deadly ethnic violence.
-1991: The Persian Gulf War began with the allied bombing of Baghdad. President Bush drew the largest TV audience in history with an address to the nation on the commencement of
hostilities against Iraq.
-1994: At a joint news conference in Geneva with President Clinton, Syrian President Hafez Assad indicated a willingness to negotiate a peace treaty with Israel.
-1997: A bomb exploded at an Atlanta building housing an abortion clinic. An hour later, after investigators and others had come to the scene, a second bomb went off, injuring six
people. Ennis Cosby, the son of entertainer Bill Cosby, was shot to death while changing a tire on a freeway exit ramp in Los Angeles.

January 17
-1706: American statesman, scientist, inventor and author, Ben Franklin,was born.
-1773: Capt. James Cook becomes first person to cross Antarctic Circle.
-1806: The first baby was born in the White House, the grandson of President Thomas Jefferson.
-1838: German philosopher Franz Brentano was born.
-1853: Andre Michelin, the French industrialist who first mass-produced rubber automobile tires, was born.
-1863: British statesman David Lloyd George and Russian actor and director Konstantin Stanislavski were born.
-1871: Andrew Hallikie received a patent for a cable car system that went into service in San Francisco.
-1874: Canadian poet Robert Service was born.
-1876: The saxophone made what many consider to be its first public appearance in the US when it was played by Etta Morgan at New York City's Olympic Theatre. The instrument had been invented in the first half of the 19th century by Belgian musician Adolphe Saxe.  Early on the saxophone became an integral part of the wind band, and later on of jazz music.   The history of the saxophone: http://members.xoom.com/iplaysax/history.html 1893 The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown.
-1880: Mack Sennett, director of slapstick films, was born.
-1883: Congress passed a bill creating the civil service.
-1893: Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii was deposed in a bloodless revolution and a provisional government established, with annexation by the United States as its aim.
-1899: Gangster Al Capone and English novelist Nevil Shute were born.
-1901: Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista was born.
-1909: Singer Ethel Merman was born.
-1911: Baseball pitcher Jay "Dizzy" Dean was born.
-1917: The United States bought 50 of the Virgin Islands in the West Indies from Denmark for $25 million.
-1924: Actor Bette White was born.
-1925: Leon Trotsky was dismissed as chairman of the Russian Revolution Military Council.
-1928: Singer Eartha Kitt was born.
-1929: Popeye the Sailor Man appeared in a comic strip.
-1931: James Earl Jones was born.
-1933: Sheree North was born.
-1934: Opera singer Marilyn Horne and puppeteer Shari Lewis were born.
-1935: Race car driver A.J. Foyt was born.
-1939: Talk show host Maury Povich was born.
-1942: Screen star Carole Lombard, her mother and 20 other people were killed in a commercial airliner crash near Las Vegas, Nev. Lombard was the wife of actor Clark Gable. Champion heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali was born.
-1944: Gen. Eisenhower arrived in London to assume command of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe (SHAEF).
-1946: Country singer Ronnie Milsap was born.
-1948: Director John Carpenter was born.
-1949: Comedian Andy Kaufman was born.
-1950: Choreographer, actress and director Debbie Allen was born. Nine bandits staged a $1.5 million robbery of a Brink's armored car in Boston.
-1956: Actor David Caruso was born.
-1962: Comic actor Jim Carrey was born.
-1966: In one of the worst accidents involving nuclear weapons, a US B-52 bomber carrying four hydrogen bombs collided with its refueling plane over Palomares, Spain, killing 8 people. Two of the bombs exploded against the ground, releasing radioactive plutonium. To protect human lives, 1,400 tons of topsoil were removed and sent to South Carolina.   One of the bombs fell in the Mediterranean Sea: http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/LN01-19-96/maydew.html
-1968: Ator David Chokachi (Baywatch) was born.
-1977: Convicted murderer Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad in Utah, the first execution since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976.
-1984: President Reagan called for "peaceful competition" with Moscow. He authorized research and development on space-age weapons capable of destroying incoming nuclear missiles,
the program known as "Star Wars."
-1986: Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi said Libya would train, arm and protect Arab guerrillas for Palestinian "suicide and terrorist missions," his first explicit endorsement of terrorism.
-1987: China's No. 2 leader, Hu Yaobang, 71, was forced to resign as Communist Party chief for failing to curb student demonstrations for more democracy. President Reagan signed a secret order permitting the covert sale of arms to Iran.
-1990: Moscow rushed 11,000 more troops to Azerbaijan and Armenia to reinforce soldiers trying to quell deadly ethnic violence. A study concluded it is not oat bran itself, but the substitution of oat bran or other foods for high-fat foods, which cuts blood cholesterol.
-1991: The Persian Gulf War began with the allied bombing of Baghdad. President Bush drew the largest TV audience in history with an address to the nation on the commencement of
hostilities against Iraq. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 114.60, the second highest one-day point-gain ever. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control reported that Florida dentist David Acer had infected three patients with the AIDS virus.
-1993: U.S. missiles attacked an Iraqi nuclear weapons facility outside Baghdad in an effort to destroy Saddam Hussein's ability to build weapons of mass destruction.
-1994: At a joint news conference in Geneva with President Clinton, Syrian President Hafez Assad indicated a willingness to negotiate a peace treaty with Israel. A pre-dawn earthquake struck the Los Angeles area, claiming 61 lives and causing widespread damage.
-1995: A powerful earthquake rocked Kobe, Japan, and the surrounding area, killing more than 5,000 people.
-1996: David Watkins, who wrote the memo the White House sent to Congress two weeks earlier, testified before Congress that he felt pressure from the first lady but was never
actually told to fire travel office staffers. Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman got life in prison and 16 others were also sentenced to jail for plotting to bomb the United Nations.
-1997: A bomb exploded at an Atlanta building housing an abortion clinic. An hour later, after investigators and others had come to the scene, a second bomb went off, injuring six people. Ennis Cosby, the son of entertainer Bill Cosby, was shot to death while changing a tire on a freeway exit ramp in Los Angeles.
-2000: Almost 50,000 people marched in Columbia, S.C., to protest the flying of the Confederate battle flag over the state Capitol.
-2001: Parts of California were plunged into darkness after utility companies failed to deliver enough electrical power. The rolling blackouts affected as many as 2 million people.

January 18
-1779: English physician Peter Roget, who compiled "Roget's Thesaurus," was born.
-1782: American orator, lawyer and statesman, Daniel Webster, was born.
-1788: English settlers arrive in Australia's Botany Bay to set up penal colony.
-1871: William of Prussia was declared the first German emperor.
-1882: English author A.A. (Alan Alexander) Milne, who wrote "Winnie the Pooh," was born.
-1892: Comedian Oliver Hardy was born.
-1904: Actor Cary Grant was born.
-1913: Actor Danny Kaye was born.
-1933: Filmmaker John Boorman was born.
-1941: Temptations singer David Ruffin was born.
-1943: Moscow announced the 16-month Nazi siege of Leningrad was lifted.
-1955: Actor Kevin Costner was born.
-1966: Indira Gandhi, daughter of the late Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, became prime minister of India.
-1968: The United States and Soviet Union agreed on a draft of a nuclear non-proliferation treaty.
-1882: Pooh Day, in honor of the A.A. Milne' birthday, English poet and author of Winnie-the-Pooh.
-1990: Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry was arrested in an FBI sting at a downtown hotel and charged with buying and smoking crack cocaine.
-1993: Seven people were killed and nearly 70 more injured when two commuter trains collided on a bridge in Gary, Ind.
-1994: Iran-Contra independent counsel Lawrence Walsh issued his final report on the scandal. He blasted former President Bush for his Christmas Eve 1992 pardons of six Iran-Contra defendants. Adm. Bobby Ray Inman withdrew his nomination as defense secretary, asserting the news media and the Republicans were out to destroy his reputation.
-1995: Officials in Paris announced the discovery of a magnificent display of Paleolithic cave art in southern France.
-1996: Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of "The King" Elvis Presley, filed for divorce from the self-proclaimed "Prince of Pop" Michael Jackson after 20 months of marriage, citing irreconcilable differences.
-1997: Franz Vranitzky announced he was resigning as chancellor of Austria. Norwegian Borge Ousland completed a 1,675-mile trek across Antarctica, the first time anyone transversed the
continent alone.
-2001: Civil rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson admitted he had fathered a daughter born out of wedlock in 1999 to an employee of his Rainbow/PUSH coalition.

January 19
-1793: French King Louis XVI sentenced to death.
-1807: Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate Army in the Civil War, was born.
-1809: Edgar Allen Poe, Amercan poet and short stroy writer, was born.

January 20
-1265: First English Parliament called into session by Earl of Leicester
-1946: David Lynch, film director, was born. His first film, Eraserhead, gained him recognition and a reputation for the bizarre. This was followed by The Elephant Man and Blue Velvet, for which he won an Oscar nomination for best director. He is probably best known for the cult television series Twin Peaks, which he co-wrote; shown on US and British prime-time television, it successfully challenged traditional mainstream programming. Wild at Heart won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Later films include Lost Highway, The Straight Story and Mulholland Drive. The latter two films were nominated for Academy Awards. Lynch also served as president of the 2002 Cannes Film Festival jury.

January 21
-1738: Soldier and Vermont folk hero Ethan Allen was born.
-1789: First American novel, W. H. Brown's "Power of Sympathy," published.
-1792: French King Louis XVI was executed in Paris.
-1813: Explorer and historian John Fremont was born.
-1824: Confederate Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was born.
-1855: Firearms designer John Browning was born.
-1861: Mississippi Sen. Jefferson Davis resigned from the U.S. Senate, 12 days before Mississippi seceded from the Union.
-1884: Roger Nash Baldwin, founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, was born.
-1905: Fashion designer Christian Dior was born.
-1922: Actors Paul Scofield was born.
-1924: Telly Savalas was born.
-1925: Comedian Benny Hill was born.
-1938: Famed DJ Robert “Wolfman Jack” Smith was born.
-1940: Golfer Jack Nicklaus was born.
-1941: Placido Domingo was born. In 1959 he made his debut as a baritone, took his first
tenor role in 1960, and became a member of the Israeli National Opera (1962--5).He first sang in New York City in 1966, at La Scala in 1969, and at Covent Garden in 1971. His vocal technique and acting ability have made him one of the world's leading lyric--dramatic tenors, notably in works by Puccini and Verdi. He has made numerous recordings and film versions of operas.
-1942: Singer Mac Davis was born.
-1950: Billy Ocean was born.
-1954: The world's first atomic-powered submarine, the Nautilus, was launched at Groton, Conn.
-1947: Actors Jill Eikenberry was born.
-1955: Robby Benson was born.
-1957: Geena Davis was born.
-1976: The supersonic Concorde airplane was put into service by Britain and France.
-1977: President Carter pardoned American Vietnam War-era draft evaders and ordered a case-by-case study of deserters.
-1990: Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry said he would seek help but did not publicly concede he had used illegal drugs. He left the next day for a treatment program in Florida.
-1991: Iraq announced that it would use hostages as human shields against allied warplanes.
-1993: It was announced that Hillary Clinton would work out of a White House office near the Oval Office, an unprecedented move in first lady history.
-1997: The full House voted 395-28 to reprimand Speaker Newt Gingrich, R-Ga., for violating House rules and misleading congressional investigators looking into his possible misuse of tax-exempt donations for political purposes. In the face of continuing reports of legally dubious fund-raising practices, the Democratic National Committee announced it would no longer take donations from foreign nationals or from U.S. subsidiaries of foreign companies.
-1998: Allegations of President Clinton's affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky first became public when newspapers reported the story. Pope John Paul II arrived in Havana for his first-ever visit to Cuba.
-1999: The brother of former Mexican Pres. Carlos Salinas de Gortari was convicted of masterminding the 1994 shooting death of a ruling party official.
-2000: A military junta seized power in Ecuador. The next day, following expressions of international concern, the junta leaders turned the government over to the country’s vice president.

January 22
-1440: Russian Czar Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, was born.
-1561: Sir Francis Bacon, philosopher and statesman, was born. He studied at Cambridge and Gray's Inn, and was called to the bar in 1582. Becoming an MP in 1584, he was knighted by James I in 1603. He was in turn solicitor general, attorney general, privy counsellor, Lord Keeper, and Lord Chancellor. He became Baron Verulam in 1618, and was made viscount in 1621. However, complaints were made that he accepted bribes from suitors in his court, and he was publicly accused before his fellow peers, fined, imprisoned, and banished from parliament and the court. Although soon released, and later pardoned, he never returned to public office, and
he died in London, deeply in debt. His philosophy is best studied in "The Advancement of Learning" and "Novum Organum". His stress on inductive methods gave a strong impetus to subsequent scientific investigation.
-1771: Spain ceded the Falkland Islands to Britain.
-1775: French physicist Andre Ampere was born.
-1788: British poet Lord George Byron was born.
-1875: D.W. Griffith, director of silent films, was born.
-1901: Queen Victoria of Britain died at age 82 after a reign of 64 years.
-1909: U.N. Secretary-General U Thant was born. Actress Ann Sothern was born.
-1932: Piper Laurie was born.
-1934: Actor Bill Bixby was born.
-1935: Soul singer Sam Cooke was born.
-1937: Author Joseph Wambaugh was born.
-1940: Actor John Hurt was born.
-1943: American and Australian troops took New Guinea in the first land victory over the Japanese in World War II.
-1944: American troops invaded Italy, landing at Anzio beach in a move to outflank German defensive positions.
-1950: Journey lead singer Steve Perry was born.
-1959: Actor Linda Blair was born.
-1967: Olivia D'Abo was born.
-1973: In the Roe vs. Wade decision, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down state laws restricting abortions during the first six months of pregnancy.
-1975: Balthazar Getty was born.
-1985: A cold wave damaged 90 percent of the Florida citrus crop.
-1987: Glen Tremml, 27, pedaled the ultralight aircraft Eagle over Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., for a human-powered flight record of 37.2 miles.
-1991: Iraq launched the third and bloodiest Scud missile attack against Israel. 98 people were injured. Three others died of heart attacks.
-1995: Two Palestinians killed 18 Israeli soldiers, a civilian and themselves in a bombing outside a military camp in central Israel.
-1996: Costas Simitis was chosen to be the new prime minister of Greece. His predecessor, Andreas Papandreou, had stepped down due to ill health.
-1998: Accused UNAbomber Ted Kaczynski pleaded guilty to all counts against him in California and New Jersey. He was sentenced to life in prison on May 4.
-1999: Pope John Paul II arrived in Mexico City on a visit to Mexico and the United States.
-2002: K-Mart, the nation's third largest discount retailer but in a decline and with disappointing holiday sales, filed for bankruptcy.

January 23
National Handwriting Day, to encourage more legible handwriting.
-1783: French author Stendhal, a pseudonym for Marie Henri Beyle, was born.
-1793: John Hancock, American patriot and the first signer of the declaration of Independence.
-1832: French Impressionist painter Edouard Manet was born.
-1845: Congress decided that all national elections would take place on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November.
-1849: Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to receive an MD degree.
-1898: Russian film director Sergei Eisenstein was born.
-1903: Actor Randolph Scott was born.
-1907: Dan Duryea was born.
-1919: Comedian Ernie Kovacs was born.
-1933: Actress/singer Chita Rivera was born.
-1943: Actors Gil Gerard was born.
-1944: Rutger Hauer was born.
-1948: Gen. Eisenhower said he could not accept a presidential nomination from either party; four years later, he ran as a Republican and was elected 34th president of the United States.
-1950: Richard Dean Anderson was born.
-1957: Princess Caroline of Monaco was born. Caroline is the eldest child of Monaco's Prince
Rainier and his wife Princess Grace (the former movie star Grace Kelly). She has two siblings: Albert and Stephanie. Caroline inherited her mother's beauty and early on became a favorite with the European society press. After the untimely 1982 death of her mother, Caroline became the ceremonial (if unofficial) first lady of Monaco.
-1958: Jimmy Hoffa assumed the presidency of the Teamsters Union.
-1963: Actress Gail O'Grady was born.
-1968: The USS Pueblo was seized in the Sea of Japan by North Korea, which claimed the ship was on a spy mission. The crew was held for 11 months before being released on Dec. 22, 1968.
-1971: The temperature at Prospect Creek, Alaska, dropped to 80 degrees below zero, the lowest temperature ever recorded in the United States.
-1973: President Nixon announced that U.S. troops would cease fighting in Vietnam at midnight Jan. 27.
-1974: Tiffini-Amber Thiessen was born.
-1980: President Carter reinstated the Selective Service System.
-1988: Sandinista missiles downed a cargo plane that was dropping U.S.-financed supplies to Contra rebels in southeastern Nicaragua. Four crewmen were killed.
-1991: Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said heavy bombing had destroyed Iraq's two operating nuclear reactors and damaged chemical facilities. Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady asked Congress for another $80 billion toward the bailout of the nation's troubled savings and loan industry.
-1993: Convicted "diet doc" killer Jean Harris was freed, discharged from a New York state hospital after heart surgery and with a grant of clemency from the governor.
-1997: Madeline Albright was sworn into office to become the first woman secretary of state.

January 24
-A.D. 76: Roman Emperor Hadrian was born.
-1670: English dramatist William Congreve was born.
-1712: Frederick the Great of Prussia was born.
-1800: British social reformer Sir Edwin Chadwick was born.
-1848: Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill, starts California Gold rush.
-1862: Author Edith Wharton, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize winner in 1921 and 1935, was born.
-1908: The first Boy Scout troop was organized in England by Sir Robert Baden-Powell, a general in the British Army.
-1915: Abstract painter Robert Motherwell was born.
-1916: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled an income tax was unconstitutional. Former sportscaster Jack Brickhouse was born.
-1917: Actor Ernest Borgnine was born.
-1918: Evangelist Oral Roberts was born.
-1925: Ballet dancer Maria Tallchief Paschen was born.
-1935: Beer was sold in cans for the first time, in Richmond, Va.
-1941: Singers Neil Diamond and Aaron Neville were born.
-1949: Comedian John Belushi was born.
-1950: Actor Michael Ontkean was born.
-1951: Comedian Yakov Smirnoff was born.
-1960: Actress Nastassja Kinksi was born.
-1965: Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill died at age 91.
-1968: Mary Lou Retton, gymnast, spokeswoman, and actress was born in Fairmont, W. Va. In the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, she became the first American woman to win an individual gold medal in gymnastics, winning the women's all-around with a perfect 10 in the vault. She also won two silver two bronze medals for other events for a total of five medals, the most won by any athlete in the '84 games. Retton was the first woman to have her picture on the front of the Wheaties cereal box. Her acting appearances include the films "Scrooged" and "Naked Gun 33 1/3" and TV shows "Guiding Light," "Knots Landing," "Dream On," and "Baywatch." She also serves as national chairperson and sits on the Board of Governors of the Children's Miracle Network.In 1990, Soviet forces shelled merchant ships blockading the
harbor in the Azerbaijani capital of Baku.
-1991: Saudi jet fighters shot down the first enemy planes of the Persian Gulf War, while U.S. forces sank an Iraqi mine-sweeper and forced Iraqi troops off an island near Kuwait.
-1993: Retired Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first black to serve on the nation's highest court, died of cardiac arrest at age 84. Thomas A. Dorsey, known as the father of gospel
music for adding rhythm to church hymns, died at age 93.
-1994: A federal judge upheld a subpoena from the Senate Ethics Committee for the diaries of Sen. Bob Packwood, R-Ore., who was facing allegations of sexual harassment and other
possible misconduct. President Clinton nominated Deputy Defense Sec. William Perry to be defense secretary.
-1995: New Jersey Gov. Christine Todd Whitman delivered the Republican response to President Clinton's State of the Union address, becoming the first governor and the first woman to give such a reply. Opening statements began in the double-murder trial of O.J. Simpson in Los Angeles.
-1999: The International Olympic Committee voted to expel six IOC members in the wake of charges that committee members had accepted money and other compensation from officials whose cities were bidding to host the Olympic games. Jordan’s King Hussein, who was seriously ill, named his son Abdullah as crown prince. Abdullah replaced his father’s younger brother as successor to the throne.
-2000: Texas Gov. George W. Bush and Vice President Al Gore were the winners in the Iowa presidential caucuses.

January 25
-1882: Virginia Woolf, writer was born Adeline Virginia Stephen. She is one of the most
notable and prolific Modernist writers. Woolf wrote nine novels, one play, over five volumes of essays, portraits, memoirs, and reviews, more than fourteen volumes of diaries and letters, and forty-six short stories. In her novels, Woolf evolved a way of writing that demands engagement from a reader with a novel's structure as well as with its content. After an insurmountable battle with depression, she loaded her pockets with rocks and drowned herself.
-1933: Corazon Aquino, Philippine politician and president (1986-92), was born in Tarlac province. She led a non-violent "people's "power" campaign which succeeded in overthrowing
Ferdinand Marcos. She survived several coup attempts during her presidency, but did not stand for re-election in 1992.
-1974: Dr. Christian Barnard transplants first human heart.

January 26
-1880: General Douglas MacArthur, soldier and military commander, was born in Little Rock,
AR. He commanded a brigade in France during World War I and commanded forces in the Southwest Pacific during World War II. Flamboyant, vain, (some would say pompous) and bold, he ranks as an imaginative, sometimes brilliant military commander; his troops generally respected him for the care he took with their lives. But most observers agree that his political instincts were "stillborn and his ambitions, perhaps fortunately, were kept in check by his superiors."
-1950: India became a republic, ceasing to be a British dominion.
-1961: Wayne Gretzky, professional hockey player was born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. One of the most famous players of all time, Gretzky set 61 National Hockey League scoring records
and played in 18 All-Star games in his 21-year career. His uniquely smart and elegant playing style redefined the image of a great hockey champion, and his retirement in 1999 marked the end of an era in the sport. President John F. Kennedy held the first live televised news conference.

January 27
-1756: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer, was born.
Mozart Resource Page: http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/motzart.php
-1832: Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), English mathematician and author of Alice's Adventures In Wonderland, was born.
-1880: Thomas Edison patents electric incandescent lamp.
-1948: Mikhail Baryshnikov, dancer and choregrapher, was born. Baryshnikov is widely hailed as one of ballet's greatest performers. North American critics found in Baryshnikov an unequaled combination of acting and athletic talents. His expressions, unlike those of many great dancers,
were hailed as utterly convincing and stirring, while his technical capabilities-including an extraordinary leaping capacity-were acclaimed as unmatched.
-1967: Astronauts Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White and Roger B. Chaffee died in a flash fire during a test aboard their Apollo spacecraft at Cape Kennedy, Fla.
-1973: Vietnam War Cease-Fire was signed in Paris, ending U.S. comabat role in Vietnam.

January 28
-1936: Alan Alda, actor, director and screenwriter, was born lphonso D’Abruzzo. After a move to California from New York, he was stricken by polio at the age of seven. With no known cure for the crippling and often fatal disease, he underwent radical medical treatments. After his recovery two years later, he went on to have a prosperous future with a college degree and several on and off acting jobs. In the early 1970s, Alda accepted the role for which he would become famous - that of irreverent army surgeon Hawkeye Pierce on the CBS pilot "M*A*S*H".
-1986: The space shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds after liftoff from Cape Canaveral, killing all seven crew members: flight commander Francis R. "Dick" Scobee; pilot Michael J. Smith; Ronald E. McNair; Ellison S. Onizuka; Judith A. Resnik; Gregory B. Jarvis; and schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe.

January 29
National Puzzle Day
National Puzzle Day Resource Page: http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/puzzle.php
-1613: Galileo notices Neptune.
-1843: William McKinley, twenty-fifth U.S. president, was born. In 1896 he ran a successful
presidential campaign with the help of big business and Republican kingmaker, Mark Hanna. A new high tariff soon appeared, but more urgent matters took precedence; reluctantly giving in to widespread militant sentiment, he declared war on Spain in 1898. After a short war, America found itself a colonial nation in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and McKinley was soon endorsing international initiatives from Cuba to China. on September 6, 1901, he was shot by an anarchist, Leon F. Czolgosz, and died eight days later.
-1845: Poe publishes "The Raven"
-1886: First successful gasoline-driven car patented by Karl Benz in Germany
-1891: Following the death of her brother, King Kalakaua, Lydia Liliuokalani was proclaimed queen of the Hawaiian Islands. Queen Liliuokalani sought to restore the monarchy's traditional authority in
defiance of US investors and sugar planters. With the support of US Marines, Sanford Dole staged a coup against the queen in 1893 and took over the government.  Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch of Hawaii: http://www.uic.edu/depts/owa/history/liliuokalani.html
-1940: Burpee displays the first tetraploid flower.
-1954: Oprah Winfrey was born.
-1979: In a historic meeting between China and the US, Chinese Vice-Premier Deng Xiaoping met with US President Jimmy Carter and signed scientific and cultural exchange accords. A member of the Communist Party from its beginnings, Deng participated in the Long March of the 1930s. A repressive leader, he oversaw the Tiananmen Massacre.  Deng, who died in 1997, was the most powerful Chinese leader since Mao Zedong: http://www.freep.com/news/nw/deng/deng.htm

January 30
-1649: English King Charles I was beheaded in London by order of the English Parliament. His execution came as a result of a bitter struggle between King and Parliament for supremacy that resulted in the English Civil War. At issue in the war was a king who claimed to rule by divine right and a Parliament that claimed the right to govern independent of the crown. While his supporters considered Charles I a martyr, his opponents saw him as a traitor.
-1815: The Library of Congress was restored.
-1835: President Andrew Jackson was the target of an assassination attempt.
-1882: Franklin D. Roosevelt, thirty-second president of the United States, was born. Despite his
mother's opposition, Roosevelt married his cousin, Eleanor, in 1905. In the summer of 1921, when he was 39, disaster hit- he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable
courage, he fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, FDR helped the American people regain faith
in themselves.
-1933: German President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor. Hitler immediately set up concentration camps for the confinement of political prisoners, mainly Communists and Social Democrats. Imprisonment was then enlarged to include minority groups, chiefly Jews, but Gypsies, homosexuals, and other groups were also targeted. Under his leadership, more than 26 million people perished.  Hitler was one of the most destructive leaders of the 20th century: http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler.html
-1948: Mohandas 'Mahatma' Gandhi was assassinated

January 31
-1856: Gen. Robert E. Lee named Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies.
-1865: The House of Representatives passed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery.
-1919: Jackie Robinson, baseball player, was born. He was the first player to break Major League Baseball's color barrier. By breaking the color barrier in baseball, the nation's preeminent sport, he courageously challenged the deeply rooted custom of racial segregation in both the North and the South. As a result of his great success, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. In 1997, the world celebrated the 50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier.
-1923: Carol Channing, actress, was born. She received an Oscar nomination for her role in "Thoroughly Modern Millie." Channing has appeared in over 4,000 performances of the Broadway musical "Hello, Dolly!"
-1958:  the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, led to the discovery of belts of electrically charged particles high above the planet.  These particles affect radio and electrical activity on Earth.

National Teacher's Hall of Fame: Deadline for nominations is January 3, 2010.
The National Teachers Hall of Fame will select its next round of inductees in early 2011. Nomination forms are available at www.nthf.org and the program is open to certificated or licensed professionals with a minimum of 20 years of full-time preK-12 teaching experience. Applications must be received by January 3, with an announcement of inductees slated for April 2011. Details also are available by calling 800/96-TEACH.

This site began in March 1998 and was created by Janet Luch. This page was last updated on December 11, 2010 .

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