"Change in all things is sweet."
-- Aristotle

"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."
— Frederick Douglass

"One of the advantages of being disorderly is that one is constantly
making exciting discoveries." ~~ A. A. Milne (1882 - 1956)

Kinderart Seasons: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/feb.shtml
This site has activities for students for the month of February.

Winter Olympics
The Olympic rings were adopted by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Movement, in 1913 after he saw a similar design on an artifact from ancient Greece. The five rings represent the five major regions of the world: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Every national flag in the world includes at least one of the five colors--blue, yellow, black, green, and red. Pierre de Coubertin never said nor wrote that the colors of the rings were linked with the different continents.
*Ancient Olympic Events: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/sports.html
*A Measure Of Greatness: http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/00-2/lp2148.shtml
Early elementary students can practice measurement skills with these "soft" Olympic activities for the classroom. Let third grade students create conversion charts for metric versus standard measurements.
The Olympic Games: http://library.thinkquest.org/27528/main.htm
Third grade students can use this site from Thinkquest to explore memorable Olympic events, people, and the history of the games.
*Olympic Gold Medals: http://www.kidsdomain.com/craft/goldmedal.html
Students can craft their own gold medals (or silver or bronze) for your own Olympic events. Try using gold paint instead of spray paint in the classroom; you might also consider incorporating a lesson on paper (and tree resources, recycling) by making your own paper and paper mache for the project. If not planning an Olympics Day or event at your school, then have student teams choose a country, chart their progress with bulletin board graphs (decorate the top of your
bulletin board with the Olympic rings), and award the medals to the student team/countries accordingly as the Olympic games unfold.
*The Olympic Museum: http://www.museum.olympic.org/e/gallery/gallery_e.html
Word searches, puzzles, fill-in-the-blanks, quizzes, and lots more...
*The Olympics Through Time: http://www.fhw.gr/projects/olympics/
*A Tour Of Ancient Olympia: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/site.html
* What Is The History And Meaning Of The Olympic Games: http://www.greece.org/olympics/why.html
*Winter Olympic Events: http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/winterolympics2.htm
*Winter Olympic Activities: http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/activities.htm
*Winter Olympics Lesson Plans:
http://www.teach-nology.com/teachers/lesson_plans/physical_ed/olympic/
*Winter Olympics Resources
http://lessonplancentral.com/lessons/Interdisciplinary/Winter_Olympics/index.htm
*Winter Olympic Theme Page: http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/winterolympics.phpThe Webquests . . .
Salt Lake City Olympic Treasure Hunt: http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/saltlake.htm
How much does it cost to attend the Olympic medal ceremony? What are the mascots for Salt Lake City? And how long is the Olympic torch? After answering the questions on the 2002 Olympic Games on this treasure hunt, let student teams use the accompanying sites to create their own questions for classmates.
Ancient Olympic Treasure Hunt: http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/ancienthunt.htm
Tighten your togas and head on in to this webquest, back in time to explore the ancient Olympic games. Students will respond to a set of eleven guided questions; again, use the resources above for site research.

Black History Month
Black History Month exists because of an influential black historian, Carter G. Woodson proposed a "Negro History Week" in 1912 to honor the history and contributions of African- Americans. Nine years later, his dream became reality. Woodson chose the second week of February to pay tribute to the birthdays of two Americans that dramatically affected the lives of Blacks: Abraham Lincoln (February 12) and Frederick Douglass, the escaped 19th-century slave who became a prominent speaker and symbol of freedom both before and after the Civil War, (February 14). The week-long observance officially became Black History Month in 1976.
Born in poverty to former slaves in Virginia in 1875, Woodson worked in coal mines before earning bachelor's degrees from Borea college in Kentucky and the University of Chicago. In 1919, at Harvard University, he became the only child of American slaves to earn a doctorate. Living in a time when blacks were denied basic rights of citizenship and were often subject of capricious violence, Woodson boldly asserted the significance of African and black history. In 1915, he founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (now the Association for the Study of African American Life and History). As a product of academia, Woodson was aware that a journal was essential for the propagation of any historical discipline, so he founded the Journal of Negro History. The association remained firmly under Woodson's control for the rest of his life. In the name of the association, in 1926, he declared Negro History Week. Although major national media of the day largely ignored Negro History Week, it took on local significance in many areas. By 1940, prominent black leader W.E.B. DuBois declared the establishment of Negro History Week one of the most significant accomplishments of the era for blacks. By 1976, ethnic sensibilities had expanded - and accepted terminology had evolved - to the point that Negro History Week was expanded into National Afro-American History Month, one more step in its evolution to Black History Month.
Black :History Month: http://www.readingrockets.org/calendar/blackhistory
Black History Month All Year Long: http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/culdesac/bhm/bhm.html
Black History: Exploring African-American Issues on the Web: http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/BHM/AfroAm.html
Black History consists of a six web sites: Hotlist, Subject Sampler, Treasure Hunt, and ebQuests. The Black History Hotlist is a starting point for anyone studying African-American events and issues. To test your knowledge, try the Interactive Treasure Hunt & Quiz. The Subject Sampler helps you engage in the topic and explore things about it that personally interest you. Two webquests, Little Rock 9 and the Tuskegee Tragedy, force students to think critically about these historic events and the deeper issues that triggered them.
Grade Level: Early Childhood (K-2), Elementary, Middle School, High School, College, Adult/Professional
Content Area: Community Interest (Current Events/News), History & Social Studies (Human Rights), History & Social Studies (United States
History)
The AFT human rights and community relations department has online resources to help Black History Month come alive in your classroom: http://www.aft.org/teachers/black-history.htm. There are a variety of resources specially selected to help educators mark the event, including a history of segregated education in the United States and detailed accounts of the watershed desegregation of little Rock, Ark. public schools in 1957.
Africans in America: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/home.html
Explore in-depth information about slavery with narratives, images, documents and activities from PBS. "America's journey through slavery is presented in four parts. For each era, you'll find a historical Narrative, a Resource Bank of images, documents, stories, biographies, and
commentaries, and a Teacher's Guide for using the content of the Web site and television series in U.S. history courses." --PBS
The Terrible Transformation: 1450-1750
Revolution: 1750-1805
Brotherly Love: 1791-1831
Judgment Day: 1831-1865
Black and Blue: Attracting Viewers to African-American Museums: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/lessons/20010223friday.html?searchpv=learning_lessons
A New York Times Lesson in which children design ads to encourage readers to visit museums that focus on African American history and culture. Also include links to the Web sites of several African American museums across the United States. (Ages 12-18)
CivilRightsTeaching.org: http://www.civilrightsteaching.org/
Culture and Change: Black History in America: http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/
"Meet famous African Americans, listen to jazz music, publish your own writing, and explore history with our interactive timeline." - Scholastic.
At this site, you can also learn about Rosa Parks, Melba Patillo, and
famous African-American inventors.
Black History Month: http://www.teachervision.com/lesson-plans/lesson-6602.phtml
This page, from TeacherVision, is a wonderful thematic resource for studying Black History. It includes vocabulary, printable worksheets, quizzes, and a host of links related to every subject area, from math to physical education.
Prominent African Americans: Past & Present: http://www.aawc.com/paa.html
Education First: Black History Activities: http://www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/BHM/AfroAm.html
The Underground Railroad @ nationalgeographic.com:
http://www.nation algeographic.com/features/99/railroad/
Biography.com - Black History: http://www.biography.com/blackhist ory/
CNN site's special Black History section: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1998/black.history/
includes links to sites both personal and professional, a timeline, "Happenings," "Stories," and a discussion board.
Infoplease.com: http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhm1.html at the Family Education Network has factual material on American-American history and civil rights.
NationalGeographic.com: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/ has multimedia features about the rebirth of Harlem and the courage of Rosa Parks, among others.
The History Channel:
http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//www.historychannel.com/exhibits/blackhist/proindex.html provides short bios of more than two dozen famous African-Americans, past and present (some with video clips).
Sports Illustrated Kids: http://www.sikids.com/news/blackhistory/index.html celebrates great black athletes.
Black History Month: Pursuing the American Dream: http://www.mped.org/MarcoGrams/Feb2004.html

Presidents' Day
Every year, on the third Monday in February, Americans celebrate Presidents' Day, a holiday set aside to honor all the men who have served as chief executive of the United States.
Presidents Hall: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/
The White House provides a list of the presidents in order of their term of office. Click a name to read a brief biography of that president.
Presidents of the United States: http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/presidents.html
The World Almanac for Kids Online offers this site containing portraits of all the presidents along with the basic facts about their lives. The page also includes some fascinating presidential trivia. This is a great first-stop for younger children, and very valuable for older children as well.
Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/odmdhtml/preshome.html
The American Memory Collection of the Library of Congress provides this collection of formal and informal pictures, including at least one likeness of each of the 41 presidents and most of the first ladies. Use the "Timeline of Presidents and First Ladies" as a starting point to browse photographs and paintings of every president.
The Voices of American Presidents: http://www.lib.msu.edu/vincent/presidents/index.htm
"The Voices of American Presidents have been captured by audio pioneers since the early days of sound recording. The invention of Edison's phonograph ushered in a new era of "recorded" history, beginning with President Benjamin Harrison in the late nineteenth century to the present
day Bush Administration. The MSU Vincent Voice Library is working to preserve over 100 years of historical spoken word recordings like those of the U.S. presidents, and is pleased to share these sound samples from its collection. " --MSU Vincent Voice Library. The MSU Vincent Voice Library contains voice recordings of 21 U.S. presidents.
Character in Time: The U.S. Presidents: http://www.uspresidents.com/
The History Project, Inc. presents a one-act play about each of the first seven American presidents. Eventually the site hopes to provide a play about every U.S. president.
Presidential Trivia: http://www.users.qwest.net/~dhoule/p-trivia.htm
Did you know that George Washington was the only president that was elected unanimously? Or that Andrew Jackson had no formal education? Or that Calvin Coolidge was the only president sworn in by his father? This one-page site has interesting, relevant trivia about each president through Clinton. It also is a great one-stop summary for each president as well.
Internet Public Library: http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/
This resource offers background information about the presidency, election results, cabinet members, notable historical events, and some highlights about each of the presidents. Links to biographies, historical documents, audio and video files, and other presidential sites are also included.
Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids: http://bensguide.gpo.gov/k-2/index.html
This site maintained by the Government Printing Office provides extensive resources on our government and how it works. Separate age appropriate resources are provided for children in grades K-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12. Parent and teacher resources are included.
The American Presidency: A Celebration of the History of the Nation's Highest Elected Office:
http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/preshome.html
Grolier provides 6 separate resources on presidents and the presidency. The site includes 3 encyclopedias, video and sound clips, and several presidential quizzes.
The American Presidency: A Glorious Burden: http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/home.html
This companion site to the Smithsonian National Museum of American History exhibit of the same name contains some terrific background information and graphics, as well as resources, teacher materials, and activities for students.
Abraham Lincoln: http://www.uen.org/cgi-bin/websql/lessons/l4.hts?id=7783&core=1103
George Washington Printable Activity: http://www.crayola.com/activitybook/print.cfm?id=55
Presidential Puzzle: http://www.education.com/common/resources/lp/soc/9802164o.html
President's Day: http://www.educationworld.com/a_special/presidents_day.shtml
President's Day Activities:
http://www.alphabet-soup.net/hol/president.html
http://www.kkafe.net/199798/kkb4.html#pres
President's Day Internet Resources:
http://www.tntech.edu/www/acad/hist/presday.html
George Washington: http://www.americanpresidents.org/presidents/gwashington.asp
Mount Vernon: http://www.mountvernon.org/
President's Day Coloring: http://www.childfun.com/color/pres.shtml
President's Page: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Thebes/9893/presidents.html
U.S.A. Crafts: http://www.freekidscrafts.com/usa_crafts.htm
American President: Presidential History Resources: http://www.americanpresident.org
The American Experience/The Presidents (PBS):
http://www.pbs.org/w gbh/amex/presidents/indexjs.html
whitehousekids.gov: http://www.whitehouse.gov/kids/
Patriotism.org: http://www.patriotism.org/presidents_day/
The origin of Presidents' Day is explained at this page from Patriotism.org. Also available are pages on George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, as well as a lesson plan.
Eatable Log Cabin: http://www.preschooleducation.com/cpresident.shtml
President's Day Poster: http://tukids.iol.it/crafts/preview/72799.html
President's Day For Kids: http://www.annieshomepage.com/presidentskids.html
President's Day Songs: http://www.preschooleducation.com/spresident.shtml
Presidents Of The United States: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/
President Screensaver: http://www.kidsdomain.com/down/pc/presdayss.html
Abraham Lincoln Online: http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln.html
Portraits Of The Presidents: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/odmdhtml/preshome.html
President's Day Cards: http://yourtreasures.connectrics.com/presidentsday.htm
President's Day Crafts: http://www.kidszone.ourfamily.com/presidentsday.html
President's Day Fun: http://www.perpetualpreschool.com/president.html
President's Day Holiday Page: http://homepages.rootsweb.com/%7Emaggieoh/Pd/prindex.html
President's Day Home Page: http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/presidentsday/
IPL POTUS -- Internet Public Library's: Presidents of the United States: http://www.potus.com
In this resource you will find background information, election results, cabinet members, notable events, and some points of interest on each of the presidents. Links to biographies, historical documents, audio and video files, and other presidential sites are also included.

February is National Children's Dental Health Month
American Dental Association: http://www.ada.org/ Type NCDHM in the search field field to connect with activity sheets, posters and other resources, many available in both English and Spanish.
Back To School: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/3528/25969
Children and Toothpaste: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/dental_health/32471
Guess What: http://kids-world.colgatepalmolive.com/g_guesswhat.shtml
Parts of a Tooth: http://www.ms-flossy.com/myteeth.html
Seal Out Decay: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/dental_health/29847
Stay Away Tooth Decay: http://atozteacherstuff.com/lessons/ToothDecay.shtml
Dental Graphics: http://ms-flossy.tripod.com/
Dental Health: http://www.angelfire.com/ma/1stGrade/pageo.html
Letter Fun: http://kids-world.colgatepalmolive.com/g_letterfun.html
Ms. Flossy's: http://www.ms-flossy.com/
Plaque Monsters: http://kids-world.colgatepalmolive.com/g_plaquemonsters.html
The Teeth Unit: http://www.teachingheart.net/teeth.html
Tooth Fairy: http://www.kidstreehouse.com/public/colorbk/tfairy4.gif
Brushing and Flossing Demo: http://www.crestsmiles.com/smiles/demo/smiles_demo_content.html
Candy and Cavities: http://www.saveyoursmile.com/parents/candy.html
Crest Sparkle City: http://www.sparkle-city.com/index_flash.html
Dental Emergencies and Accidents: http://www.saveyoursmile.com/parents/dentalemergency.html
Dental Theme: http://www.childfun.com/themes/dental.shtml
Talk To Mr. Tooth: http://www.oldgreenwichdental.com/kform.html
5 Steps to a Better Smile: http://www.saveyoursmile.com/healtharticles/fivestepstag2.gif
Dental Highway: Kids Corner: http://www.edoc.co.za/dhw/kidscorner/teacherscorner/page1.html
How To Get Your Child To Brush: http://www.saveyoursmile.com/parents/dzgettingkidstobrush.html
So Who's Dr. Rabbit: http://www.edoc.co.za/dhw/kidscorner/dr_rabbit/index.html
Tips to Keep Your Teeth Healthy: http://www.edoc.co.za/dhw/kidscorner/friends/index.html
Wisdom Tooth: http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/wisdomtooth/
DuPage County Health Department: http://www.dupagehealth.org/health_ed/dental_month.html
The DuPage County Health Department in Wheaton, Illinois is host to a wide-ranging and informative collection of activities and lessons centered around National Children's Dental Health Month. Designed to provide easy-to-access lessons for teachers and students, the site offers information on everything from the different types of teeth and their parts to the various dental health problems that can occur. There are also primers on good eating habits, mouthguards, and orthodontics, as well as a "Happy Teeth Song" set to the strains of "Are You Sleeping Brother John?"
Wisdom Tooth Homepage: http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/wisdomtooth/
The Wisdom Tooth Homepage offers up a series lessons on just about everything that's related to dental health. There are tips for brushing and flossing, toothpaste trivia, explanations of wisdom teeth, and even a section on bad breath. Other categories include a page on gingivitis in pregnant women, an explanation of teeth-grinding (bruxism), and even a primer on a self-examination for oral cancer.

February 1
Gong Hey Fat Choy
On February 1st, 2003, , Chinese around the world will celebrate their most important traditional holiday, which marks the Lunar New Year and the beginning of the Year of the Sheep. After cleaning the house, paying off old debts and hanging lucky decorations, the Chinese embark on 15-day festival that will include red envelopes for children, gambling, fireworks and a sumptuous family feast filled with symbolic foods. An even number of dishes at a meal , as multiples of two represent double happiness and fortune.
Ginger-Steamed Fish: A whole fish represents togetherness an abundance. Try to leave some behind to signify that the family will always have more than enough.
Pork Dumplings: Dumplings are also a favorite part of the feast. They symbolize wealth.
Ham & Egg Fried Rice: This essential dish combines leftover rice with ham, sweet green peas, scallions and scrambled eggs -- a symbol of fertility.
Spicy Noodle Salad: Noodles symbolize longevity and long life. But beware -- breaking a strand is considered unlucky.
-1790: Supreme Court convenes for first time in New York City
-1894: John Ford (Sean Aloysius O'Fearna), film director, was born in Cape Elizabeth, Maine. He went to Hollywood in 1913, where he worked as stunt man, actor, and assistant director. His skillful portrayal of US pioneering history reached a peak with Stagecoach (1939), The Informer (1935, Oscar), and The Grapes of Wrath (1940, Oscar). After World War II his films included How Green Was My Valley (1941, Oscar), My Darling Clementine (1946), and The Quiet Man (1952, Oscar). He made his last feature film, Seven Women, in 1965, and received the first American Film Institute Life Achievement Award in 1973.
-1902: Playwright, poet and author Langston hughes is born.
- 1960: Four black college students began a sit-in protest at a lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., where they'd been refused service.
-1968: Lisa Marie Presley, daughter and only child of Elvis Presley and actress Priscilla Beaulieu Presley (who were divorced in 1973), was born. When Elvis died on August 16, 1977, Lisa was Elvis' his sole heir and inherited Graceland, Memphis, Tennessee. On May 26, 1994, Lisa Marie married pop-music superstar Michael Jackson in a private ceremony in the Dominican Republic. This marriage brought intense media scrutiny. Some viewed it as a PR ploy to improve Jackson’s poor image, which had been tarnished by charges of child abuse, while others thought it fitting that the "King of Pop" had married the daughter of the "King of Rock ‘n’ Roll." They divorced in January 1996. In August 2002, she married actor Nicolas Cage; they divorced three months later.
February 2
Candlemas [KAN duhl mahs], a church feast, is held this day commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary. Candles for sacred uses are blessed on this day. If Candlemas Day is bright and clear, there'll be twa (two) winters in the year. -- old Scottish couplet
Groundhog Central: http://www.groundhogsday.com/groundhogcentral.html
Groundhog Craft: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/February/groundhog1.htm
Groundhog Day: http://gojp.com/groundhog/
Groundhog Day Cards: http://www.123greetings.com/events/groundhogday/
Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania: Home of the Groundhog: http://users.penn.com/~mweimer/
Wiarton Willie: http://www.wiarton-willie.org/aboutwillie/getsection.cfm
Wiarton Willie: Just Fur Fun: http://www.wiarton-willie.org/furfun.html
Cyber Groundhog Game: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/ghgame.htm
Day Of The Shadow: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/groundhog.htm
Groundhog Activity Page: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8004/colorghd.html
Groundhog Coloring Page: http://www.first-school.ws/t/cpgroundhog.htm
Groundhog Poems and Rhymes: http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/Groundhog/guide/poems.htm
Groundhog Quiz: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/ghquiz.htm
Groundhog Craft: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/February/groundhog1.htm
Groundhog Day Songs: http://ourworld.cs.com/DonaldRHalley/ghdsongs.htm
Groundhog Day Word Search: http://www.abcteach.com/MonthtoMonth/February/groundhog1.htm
Groundhog Gallery: http://www.groundhogsday.com/groundhoggallery.html
Groundhog Lesson Plan: http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/lesson048.shtml
Groundhog Day Animated Electronic Greetings:
http://www1.bluemountain.com/eng3/groundhogday/index.html
Groundhog Day History: http://www.stormfax.com/ghogday.htm
Groundhogs At Hoghaven: http://www.hoghaven.com/
Groundhog's Day: http://www.songs4teachers.com/groundhogday.htm
Jones' Groundhog Day Site: http://www.csh.rit.edu/~jones/ghd.html
Punxsutawney Phil.com: A Tribute To Our Favorite Groundhog:
http://www.punxsutawneyphil.com/
Ten Reasons To Celebrate Groundhog Day: http://ourworld.cs.com/DonaldRHalley/groundhg.htm
Groundhog Day Cards: http://www.cardblvd.com/groundhog.htm
Groundhog Day Puzzle: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/ghpuzzle.htm
Groundhog Day Theme: http://childfun.com/themes/ground.shtml
Groundhog With No Shadow:
http://www.funorama.com/presidents/groundhog2.pdf
http://childfun.com/color/ground/noshadow.shtml
Groundhog With Shadow:
http://www.funorama.com/presidents/groundhog.pdf
http://childfun.com/color/ground/shadow.shtml
Help The Groundhog: http://www.bry-backmanor.org/actpag26.html
Groundhog Day: http://gojp.com/groundhog/
Groundhog Day Facts: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/ghdfacts.htm
Groundhog Day Photo Album: http://www.ontv.com/bulletin/jan2996/groundpix.htm
Groundhog Day Poems: http://www.track0.com/canteach/elementary/songspoems12.html
Groundhog Heaven: http://www.geocities.com/~jsignorile/grndhog.html
Holiday Page: Groundhog Day: http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~maggieoh/Holidays/G/g_index.html
What Are Shadows: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7134/Shadow/ghshadows.htm
Ground Hog's Day at Clint's Place: http://capt.clint.home.mindspring.com/groundhog.html
Ona Elementary's Groundhog Day Page: http://boe.cabe.k12.wv.us/ona/groundhog.html
This colorful student-designed website breaks down the Groundhog Day holiday, exploring the success of Punxsutawney Phil's predictions over the years, as well as links to learn about real groundhogs, and the relationship of Groundhog's Day to the Scottish holiday Candlemas.
Official Groundhog Day Website: http://www.groundhogs.com/index.htm
The official Groundhog Day website offers up a plethora of information, games and activities centered around the holiday. Of particular note is a complete record of Groundhog Day predictions, as well as a section that lets kids meet Punxsutawney Phil's "family."
Groundhog.org: http://www.groundhog.org/history/
-1807: Congress bans foreign slave trade.
-1913: New York City's Grand Central Terminal opened.
-1922: "Ulysses" by James Joyce was published in Paris.
-1965: Judith Viorst was born.

February 3
-1690: First paper money in America issued (colony of Mass.)
-1811: Horace Greeley, journalist and politician, was born in Amherst, N.H. After working as a job-printer and typesetter in New York, and editing Whig publications, he founded the New York
Tribune in 1841. Greeley traveled widely and often made speeches at lyceums and local gatherings. He became a familiar figure known for his absentminded manner, and a naive and homespun wisdom. His words "Go West, young man," became some famous advice. In 1872 he was nominated for president by Republican liberals and endorsed by the Democratic Party. In
a bitter campaign he was badly defeated by the regular Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant.
-1821: Elizabeth Blackwell was born.
-1894: Norman Rockwell, illustrator, was born. Rockwell is best remembered for his heartwarming
illustrations of American life that appeared on covers of the Saturday Evening Post magazine for many decades. Marked by nostalgia and moral fortitude, the paintings remain popular with collectors. Thomas Buechner noted that Rockwell's art "has been reproduced more often than all of Michelangelo's, Rembrandt's and Picasso's put together."
-1917: The United States broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, which had announced a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
-1956: Autherine Lucy enrolls as the first black student at the University of Alabama.

February 4
-1809: Louis Braille was born.
-1902: Charles Lindbergh was born.
-1906: Clyde Tombaugh, astronomer, was born in Streator, Illinois. In 1930, while at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, (and before he had earned his bachelor's degree) he found the ninth planet, Pluto. He also discover a globular star cluster, hundreds of asteroids, and a super cluster of galaxies. He later settled at New Mexico State University where he concentrated on
studying the planet Mars.
-1913: Rosa Parks, civil rights activist, was born. Parks is best known for her refusal, on December 1, 1955, to relinquish her seat to a white passenger on a racially segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested and fined but her action led to a successful boycott of the Montgomery buses by African-American riders. In 1998 Parks was recognized with the first International
Freedom Conductor Award given by the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. President Bill Clinton awarded Parks the Congressional Gold Medal, the nation's highest civilian
honor, in July 1999.
-1945: Yalta Conference takes place with Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin

February 5
-1782: Spain captured the island of Minorca from the British. Minorca is 258 square miles of tableland, which has been described by one legitimate publication as "monotonous." It's highest peak is Toro Hill at 1,175 feet. The harbor at Mahon, the island's main town, is considered the best in the Balearics. The main crops are potatoes, pomegranates, figs, almonds and melons. There is some grazing land but not a lot because of the limestone-rich soils.
-1919: League of Nations met for the first time in Paris.
-1934: Henry "Hank" Aaron, baseball player, was born in Mobile, Alabama. From an early age he knew he wanted to play professional baseball. He became one of the first black players to break the color line in the Deep South. On the surface Aaron seemed undaunted by the racial persecution only increased his desire to break the record and set a new one that no one could possibly surpass. In 1970, Aaron became the first player to combine 3000 career hits and 500 home runs. On April 8, 1974, in a home game in Atlanta, Aaron hit a monstrous home run and made baseball history. He retired in 1976 with a record 755 home runs and 2297 runs batted in.
-1945: Gen. Douglas MacArthur enters Manila
-1990: Columbia University graduate and Harvard University law student Barack Obabma became the first African American named president of the Harvard Law Review.

February 6
-1820: The first organized emigration back to Africa began when 86 free African Americans left New York Harbor aboard the Mayflower of Liberia. They are bound for the British colony of
Sierra Leone, which welcomes free African Americans as well as fugitive slaves.
-1865: General Robert E. Lee was appointed Commander in Chief of the Confederate armies.
-1867: Robert Tanner Jackson becomes first black to receive a degree in dentistry.
-1899: Spanish-American War ends; peace treaty ratified by Senate
-1911: Ronald Reagan, fortieth United States president and former movie actor, was born in Tampico, Illinois. Reagan appeared in a total of 52 feature movies, his best roles being in Brother
Rat (1938), Dark Victory (1939), and Kings Row (1941). In 1966, he was elected governor of California; he served two terms, from 1967 to 1975. In 1980 Reagan easily beat Jimmy Carter in the presidential election with promises of reducing taxes and government regulation while building up the military. He appealed to Americans with his genial manner and laissez-faire approach to
the country's problems. At age 69, Reagan was the oldest man to be elected President. He used to enjoy making jokes about his age. At his 70th birthday party, he said it was really the 31st anniversary of his 39th birthday. In 1994, Reagan revealed that he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease; his condition has deteriorated to the point that he very rarely, if ever, makes public appearances. When Ronald was born his father Jack said that the boy looked like a "fat little Dutchman," and continued to refer to him as "the Dutchman." When he grew older, he asked his friends to call him "Dutch," a name that stuck with him for life. When Ron was five years old he became fascinated by bird eggs. The landlord of a house that the Reagan family rented had left behind a collection of birds' eggs and butterflies in the attic. When he grew older he started his own collection which he carefully placed in a display case. Reagan later wrote that he clearly remembered the hours he spent looking at the landlord's attic and that "the experience left
me with a reverence for the handiwork of God that never left me." Ronald once had a summer job as a lifeguard in hometown in Illinois. He worked on the high school yearbook and was elected president of the senior class.
-1933: Walter E. Fauntroy was born in Washington, D.C. He went on to become a District of Columbia delegate to the House of Representatives.
-1945: Bob Marley, reggae singer, guitarist, and composer, was born. While in the U.S., Marley worked at a series of jobs, including a stint as a forklift driver, a lab assistant, and an assembly line worker at the Chrysler plant in Wilmington, Delaware. By the late 1960s, Marley and his group, the Wailers began recording with prominent reggae producer Lee "Scratch" Perry and had gained a great measure of prominence in Jamaica. In addition to the large volume of recordings of his work, Marley’s extraordinary musical legacy lives on in The Melody Makers, a popular modern reggae band formed by Marley himself years ago.

February 7
-1478: English statesman and writer Sir Thomas More was born.
-1804: Farm equipment manufacturer John Deere was born.
-1812: English novelist Charles Dickens was born.
-1834: Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev, who devised the periodic table, was born.
-1867: "Little House" books author Laura Ingalls Wilder was born.
-1883: Ragtime composer and piano player Eubie Blake was born.
-1885: Novelist Sinclair Lewis was born.
-1904: A massive fire, possibly started by a discarded cigarette, struck Baltimore, burning for 31 hours and destroying an 80-block downtown area. Miraculously no lives or homes were lost.
-1908: Olympic swimmer and actor Buster Crabbe was born.
-1915: D.W. Griffith's "Birth Of A Nation," a landmark in the history of cinema and the first American full-length motion picture, opened in Los Angeles and was immediately a smash hit though many found its racism offensive.
-1940: British railroads were nationalized.
-1954: Actor Miguel Ferrer was born.
-1956: Autherine Lucy, the first black person admitted to the University of Alabama, was expelled after she accused school officials of conspiring in the riots that accompanied her court-ordered enrollment.
-1960: Actor James Spader was born. The Dead Sea scrolls were found at Qumran.
-1962: Garth Brooks, country singer, was born. Brooks got his start in music singing in bars and clubs while attending Oklahoma State University. Although sales of Brooks’s first album, Garth Brooks, were strong, it would have been hard to predict the amazing success Brooks’s releases have since achieved. His second effort, No Fences sold more than 700,000 copies in its first ten days on the market. His third, Ropin’ the Wind racked in a record-breaking 4 million orders before its release and became the first album by a country singer to debut at number one on the Billboard
pop charts. Brooks's live concerts have also been extremely successful. An August 7, 1997, concert in New York City’s Central Park drew an estimated 250,000 to 1 million people.
-1964: The Beatles arrived in the United States for the first time and immediately set off a frantic wave of "Beatlemania."
-1966: Comedian Chris Rock was born.
-1973: The Senate voted to set up a committee to investigate the break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters in Washington's Watergate complex.
-1984: Two American shuttle astronauts made the first untethered space walk.
-1986: Both Ferdinand Marcos and challenger Corazon Aquino claimed victory in the Philippine presidential election. Haiti's President-for-Life Jean-Claude Duvalier fled to France.
-1989: A State Department report on international human rights accused Israel of mishandling the Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories.
-1991: Jean-Bertrand Aristide was inaugurated as Haiti's first democratically elected president in 186 years.
-1992: Three people were killed and one critically injured when a gunman angry with his girlfriend opened fire in Winter Garden, Fla.
-1995: The alleged "mastermind" in the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, was arrested in Pakistan. He was extradited to New York the next day. President Clinton invited the two sides in the major league baseball strike to the White House in a final effort to reach an agreement. The next day, he announced the effort had failed and called for binding arbitration.
-1998: The Winter Olympics opened in Nagano, Japan.
-1999: King Hussein of Jordan died following a battle with cancer. He was 63. Hussein had ruled Jordan for 46 years.
-2002: Despite exchanges between Israel and the Palestinians that at times approached outright warfare, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon said he expected a Palestinian state to emerge from the conflict.

February 8
-1861: Confederate States of America founded by 7 southern states.
-1910: Boy Scouts of America was incorporated.
-1931: James Dean, film actor, was born in Marion, IN. He was the star of "East of Eden" and "Rebel Without a Cause." When he entered first grade in 1937 at the Brentwood Public School, he took violin lessons, playing well for a young child although his school friends taunted him about this activity. In 1949, he entered Santa Monica City College, majoring in pre-law. But it was drama in which he shone: he received Cs and Ds in law classes, As and Bs in acting. He soon quit school and lived precariously as a parking lot attendant and chasing auditions wherever they were available until his career took off. He died 1955 in a head-on auto accident at age 24.
-1968: Three South Carolina State students were killed during a segregation protest in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Diminutive actor Gary Coleman was born in Zion, Illinois. Despite a childhood of medical troubles, Coleman went on to become a television star in numerous situation comedies.
-1996: In a ceremony at the Library of Congress, President Clinton signed legislation revamping the telecommunications industry, saying it would "bring the future to our doorstep."

February 9
-1943: The World War II battle of Guadalcanal in the southwest Pacific ended with an American victory over Japanese forces.
-1964: Arthur Ashe, Jr. became the first black tennis player on the U.S. Davis Cup team.
-1994: Israeli minister Shimon Peres signs peace accord with PLO's Yasser Arafat

February 10
-1763: French-Indian Was ends, surrendering Canada to England
-1837: Russian poet and novelist Aleksandr Pushkin died at the age of 37 of wounds received in a duel defending his wife's honor (in the Julian calendar he died on January 29). Pushkin is often regarded as his country's best poet and the founder of Russian literature.  Pushkin's work is considered to best express Russian national consciousness.
-1863: "Tom Thumb" and Lavinia Warren were married.
-1868: Journalist William Allen White was born.
-1890: Russian author Boris Pasternak was born.
-1893: Entertainer Jimmy Durante was born.
-1897: The slogan "All The News That's Fit To Print" first appeared on page one of The New York Times.
-1898: German dramatist Bertolt Brecht and actress Dame Judith Anderson were born.
-1905: Actor Lon Chaney Jr. was born.
-1927: Operatic soprano Leontyne Price was born.
-1930: Actor Robert Wagner was born.
-1940: Singer Roberta Flack was born.
-1946: Donovan was born.
-1949: Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman," a classic play of US theater, premiered on Broadway. Miller tells the story of Willy Loman, a man who bought the American Dream and then discovered too late that it was a fraud. A parallel story is Loman's relationship with one of his sons, Biff, who has an unconditional admiration for his father.
-1962: The Soviet Union released captured US pilot Francis Gary Powers in exchange for Soviet spy Rudolph Abel.
-1989: Ronald H. Brown was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee.
-1950: Olympic gold medal swimmer Mark Spitz was born.
-1962: U-2 spy plane pilot Francis Gary Powers was returned to the United States in exchange for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.
-1964: 82 Australian sailors died when an aircraft carrier and a destroyer collided off New South Wales, Australia.
-1967: Actress Laura Dern was born.
-1984: Americans and other foreigners were evacuated from Beirut following the withdrawal of U.S. Marines from Lebanon.
-1991: ANC gunmen ambushed an Inkatha Freedom Party motorcade outside Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, killing 17 and wounding 29.
-1993: A gang of more than 40 people ambushed two trucks in a mountainous region of Mexico, shooting to death at least 24 men in a drug-related family feud.

February 11
-1573: Francis Drake becomes first European to see the Pacific, from Panama.
-1800: Englishman William Talbot, a developer of photography, was born.
-1847: Inventor Thomas Edison was born.
-1858: French peasant girl Bernadette Sourbirous said the Virgin Mary appeared to her at Lourdes.
-1917: Author Sidney Sheldon was born.
-1920: King Farouk, Egypt's last monarch, was born.
-1925: Actor Kim Stanley was born.
-1926: Leslie Nielsen, actor, was born in Saskatchewan, Canada. During WWII he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force, and later worked as a disc jockey and announcer. In 1980s the turning point came in his acting career starting with his role in the spoof "Airplane!" Nielsen went on to the TV series Police Squad! and the zany Naked Gun films.
-1990: Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years.
-1934: Tina Louise was born.
-1936: Burt Reynolds was born.
-1941: Brazilian musician Sergio Mendes was born.
-1953: Florida Gov. Jeb Bush was born.
-1945: President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Josef Stalin ended their wartime conference at Yalta.
-1960: Jack Parr walked off "The Tonight Show" after NBC censored his slightly off-color "water closet" joke the night before. He returned to the late-night show March 7.
-1962: Singer/songwriter Sheryl Crow was born.
-1965: U.S. and South Vietnamese planes made the first bombing raids on North Vietnam.
-1969: Actress Jennifer Aniston was born.
-1970: Japan put a satellite in space, following in the footsteps of the Soviet Union, the United States and France.
-1979: Singer/actress Brandy (Norwood) was born.
-1987: Corazon Aquino was sworn in for a six-year presidential term under the new Philippine constitution.
-1990: Nelson Mandela, leader of the movement to end South African apartheid, was released from prison after 27 years behind bars.
-1992: One police officer was killed and four persons injured in a terrorist attack on the U.S. ambassador's residence in Lima, Peru.
-1993: President Clinton nominated Florida prosecutor Janet Reno to the post of U.S. attorney general. A 20-year-old Ethiopian student hijacked a Lufthansa airliner en route from Frankfurt, Germany, to Cairo. He forced the pilot to fly to New York City, where he surrendered peacefully. British Prime Minister John Majors said Queen Elizabeth II will pay income tax on all her personal income, as well as being subject to capital and inheritance levies.
-1998: Olympic officials took away the gold medal of Canadian snowboarder Ross Rebagliati after he tested positive for a minute amount of marijuana. He blamed second-hand smoke. An arbitration panel would restore his medal two days later. A federal judge ruled that pro golfer Casey Martin, who suffered from a circulatory disorder that made it hard for him to walk, was covered by the American with Disabilities Act and should be allowed to use a golf cart to complete in PGA tournaments.
-2002: The Russian figure skating pair won the gold medal in the Winter Olympics over the overwhelming crowd favorite Canadian team but a judging controversy that grew into an
international scandal prompted the International Skating Union to award a gold medal to Canada also.

February 12
-1809: Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth U.S. president, was born in Hodgenville, KY. His qualities of faithfulness, honesty, resolution, humor, and courage gave him the strength to lead the country during its bloodiest years. Lincoln had worked as a rail splitter, flatboat man, store keeper, postmaster, and surveyor before becoming a lawyer. His debates while running for the Senate
made him nationally known. He was elected president in 1860, issued the Emancipation proclamation in 1863 setting the slaves free, and coordinated every aspect of the war as commander-in-chief. His military genius helped gain a Union victory. He was re-elected in 1864 but was assassinated before he could oversee the south's Reconstruction.
-1909: Founded in New York City by a group of black and white citizens committed to social justice, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is the
nation's largest and strongest civil rights organization. The NAACP's principal objective is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United States and eliminate race prejudice. The NAACP seeks remove all barriers of racial discrimination through democratic processes. This mission is accomplished by seeking
the enactment and enforcement of federal, state and local laws securing civil rights, and by informing the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination. From school desegregation, fair housing, employment and voter registration, to health and equal economic opportunity, the
NAACP, working successfully with allies of all races, plays a significant role in establishing legal precedents in order to improve the quality of life of America's downtrodden. For more than ninety one years, the NAACP has been built on the individual and collective courage of thousands of people. People of all races, nationalities and religious denominations, who
were united on one premise --that all men and women are created equal. Although, one could write great prose about the triumphs of the NAACP, there is nothing more powerful than the facts of how the existence of the oldest civil rights organization has changed the face of history for this country. And despite threats of violence, and official government policies that were racist the
NAACP continued and will continue to persevere.
-1938: Judy Blume was born.
-2002: Chinese New Year begins
Chinese New Year: http://www.teachervision.com/lesson-plans/lesson-6603.phtml
Chinese New Year and General China Crafts: http://www.dltk-kids.com/world/china/
Chinese New Year for Kids: http://www.gigglepotz.com/chinese_newyear.htm

February 13
-1935: B. Hauptmann guilty of kidnapping and murder of Lindbergh's infant.
-1950: Peter Gabriel, rock singer, was born. His mix of electronics and world music into art rock became a phenomenon with "Sledgehammer" from the 1986 album "So." The single had a cutting edge video that broke Gabriel into the mainstream. Gabriel has been politically active, using his music to promote Amnesty International and Greenpeace. His song "Biko," about South African Stephen Biko brought attention to the struggle against Apartheid.
-1970: Joseph L. Searles became the first black member of the New York Stock Exchange.

February 14
The St. Valentine the day is named for was, most likely, a priest in the 3rd century who performed secret marriages when the Roman Emperor Claudius II thought single soldiers were
more likely to enlist in the army. That St. Valentine was imprisoned and executed on Feb 4, 270. It is believed he was responsible for giving the jailer's blind daughter back her eyesight, and before his execution, he sent her a note saying, "From your Valentine".
In the 15th century, singing and spoken valentines were slowly replaced by written letters in Europe. The first written Valentine is credited to Charles, the Duke of Orleans, who wrote
love poems to his wife when he was in prison in 1415. By the beginning of the 16th century, Valentines were almost always written.
It wasn't until 1537 that St. Valentine's Day was declared an official holiday. England's King Henry VIII, known for his ways of disposing of wives, declared February 14th a holiday.
It was another century and a half before religious devotional cards became non-religious cards to reflect the change in the holiday.
Esther Allen Howland, born in 1828 in Worcester, Massachusetts, was responsible for pioneering the American valentine manufacturing industry. After graduating from Mount Holyoke College
in 1847, she received her first English valentine. Wishing to create similar valentines, she imported the appropriate paper lace and floral decorations from England. She started taking orders for valentines, and discovered the demand was for more than she could make by herself. Friends were recruited to help her, and Howland issued her first advertisement in a Worcester newspaper on February 5, 1850. The assembly line operation that began in her home eventually led to a thriving business grossing $100,000 annually. She retired in 1881, selling her business to the George C. Whitney Company.
PrimaryGames.com: http://www.primarygames.com/holidays/valentines/valentines.htm
DYKL's Valentine's Day Activities for Kids: http://www.dltk-kids.com/crafts/valentines/
GrowingUp.com: http://www.growing-up.com/valentine.html
Grover Delivers a Valentine: http://www.ctw.org/preschool/printme/view/0,1155,10458,00.html
Hands That Touch The Heart: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/val11.shtml
Songs and Storytelling Circle: http://www.angelfire.com/ga/prespecial/page62.html
Valentine's Pin: http://www.make-stuff.com/projects/heartpin.html
Art Activities: http://www.angelfire.com/ga/prespecial/page63.html
Cupid's Arrow: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/cupid.shtml
Easy Valentine's Day cards: http://www.make-stuff.com/hollidays/valentine_cards.html
Tissue Paper Valentine: http://www.make-stuff.com/hollidays/tissue_valentine.html
Bee Mine Poem Form: http://www.abcteach.com/valentine/beemine.htm
Valentine Concentration Game: http://www.abcteach.com/valentine/valconcent.htm
Valentine Gift Box: http://www.abcteach.com/valentine/valbox.htm
Valentine's Day: http://members.aol.com/il2teach/pubpage.valentines.htm
Valentine's Songs: http://www.songs4teachers.com/valsongs.htm
Hearts 3D Screen Saver: http://home1.gte.net/ctmiller/hearts3d.htm
Kiss Or Clobber The Cupid: http://www.virtualkiss.com/valentine/cupidgame.asp
Valentine's Centers and Games: http://www.angelfire.com/ga/prespecial/page64.html
Valentine Flower: http://www.dltk-kids.com/crafts/valentines/mvflower.html
Valentine's Recipes: http://www.cyber-kitchen.com/holidays/valentine/recipes.htm
Valentine Roses: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/val8.shtml
Love Poems: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/LovePoems.htm
Rebus Valentines: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/RebusValentines.htm
Valentine Crafts: http://geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Dell/5900/holiday/v5.html
Valentine Party Games: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentineGames.htm
Valentine Poems: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentinePoems.htm
Valentine's Projects: http://www.acplace.com/Crafts/valentine.htm
Easy Valentine's Crafts: http://www.cabbey.com/Crafts/valentine.htm
Free Valentine Crafts: http://www.allcrafts.net/valentines.htm
Valentine Concentration: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentineConcentrationGame.htm
Valentine's Days Poems and Songs: http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/songspoems13.html
Valentine Mice Coloring Page: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentineColoring.htm
Valentine Tic Tac Toe: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentineTicTacToe.htm
A Collection Of Valentine's games: http://freebiesandstuff.freeyellow.com/valentines_day/games/
Jerry's Happy Valentine's Page: http://wilstar.com/holidays/valentn.htm
Valentine Word Puzzle: http://www.bethanyroberts.com/ValentineOnlineWordPuzzle.htm
Billy Bear's Valentine Post Cards: http://www.billybear4kids.com/postcard5/valentine/card.htm
I love You In Different Languages: http://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/rainbow/i-love-you.html
Valentine Art: http://www.perpetualpreschool.com/valentine_art.html
Valentine's Day from Gander Academy: http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/valentine.htm
This extensive resource page offers links to the history of Valentine's Day, and the symbols of Valentine's Day. It also offers links to crafts, clipart and other fun Valentines pages!
How Valentine's Day Works: http://www.howstuffworks.com/valentine.htm
When did the Valentine's Day frenzy begin? Why the flowers and chocolate? Learn all about the origins and symbols of Valentine's Day!
History Channel: http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/valentine/
Learn all about the origins of Valentine's Day - those that are masked in myth, and those that are easier to prove - from the official website of the History Channel. In addition, learn about some famous romantic pairings, like Harry and Bess Truman, Robert and Elizabeth Browning, and Jackie and Rachel Robinson.
Mythography: http://www.loggia.com/myth/cupid.html
The Mythography website features a fascinating breakdown of the character known as Cupid who pops up in Greek and Roman mythology. Learn all about the character's genesis, as well as his Greek counterpart Eros. For further fun, learn about the tumultuous mythic relationship between Cupid and Psyche.
Hands That Touch The Heart: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/val11.shtml
Cupid's Arrow: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/cupid.shtml
Heart Shaped Mice: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/val9.shtml
KissPrints: http://www.virtualkiss.com/kissprints/
Valentines To Make: http://www.auntannie.com/valmake.html
Heart: An Online Exploration: http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/biosci.html
Heart Mobiles: http://www.kinderart.com/seasons/val6.shtml
Valentine's Day Books: http://www.123child.com/val/valb.html
Valentine's Day Crafts: http://www.holidays.net/amore/goodies.htm
Valentine's Day Pixies: http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~maggieoh/Holidays/V/v8.html
Valentine's Online Games: http://www.kidsdomain.com/games/val.html
Valentine's Days Poems and Songs: http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/songspoems13.html
Kid's Domain: Valentine's Day: http://www.kidsdomain.com/holiday/val/index.html
Valentine's Day @ ChildFun: http://www.childfun.com/valentine/
Pam's Place Valentine's Craft Page: http://www.angelfire.com/hi3/PamsPlace2/val.html
Recipes For The Sweet Tooth: http://www.angelfire.com/ga/prespecial/page71.html
Art Lesson Forty Two: http://users.hsonline.net/kidatart/htdoc/lesson42.htm
Valentine's Free Web Cards: http://childfun.com/cards/hol_val.shtml
Valentine's Games: http://www.childfun.com/valentine/games.shtml
Valentine's Poems, Songs, and Fingerplays: http://www.childfun.com/valentine/song.shtml
Valentine's Recipe and Treats: http://www.childfun.com/valentine/treats.shtml

-1473: Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus was born.
-1817: Possible birthday of Frederick Douglass, abolitionist and orator. Born into slavery as Frederick Baile, Douglass purchased his freedom in 1845 and went on to become the greatest
abolitionist of his time.
-1847: Suffrage leader Anna Howard Shaw was born.
-1879: B.K. Bruce of Mississippi became the first black to preside over the U. S. Senate.
-1894: Comedian Jack Benny was born.
-1886: The West Coast citrus industry was born. The first trainload of oranges left Los Angeles for eastern markets.
-1903: President Theodore Roosevelt signed a law creating the Department of Commerce and Labor.
-1913: Jimmy Hoffa, labor leader, was born in Brazil, IN. He was elected president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters in 1957 and gained notoriety for his aggressive tactics
against all who opposed him, both inside and outside the labor movement. He was convicted of jury tampering, fraud, and conspiracy, and sent to prison in 1967. His sentence was commuted in 1971, and he was rumored to be trying to regain power within the IBT when in 1975 he
disappeared. His body was never found, and he was declared legally dead in 1983.
-1921: Broadcaster Hugh Downs was born.
-1929: St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, seven gangsters killed.
-1933: An eight-day bank holiday was declared in Michigan in a Depression-era move to avert a financial panic. $50 million was rushed to Detroit to bolster bank assets.
-1934: Actress/singer Florence Henderson was born.
-1941: U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala was born.
-1944: Journalist Carl Bernstein was born.
-1946: Dancer/actor Gregory Hines was born. At the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was introduced. It weighed about 30 tons and took up the space of a modern motor home. The idea for the ENIAC was the brainchild of a mathematician named Alan M. Turing. It took him nine years to mold his idea
into reality.
-1948: Magician Teller, of Penn and Teller was born.
-1956: Actor Ken Wahl was born.
-1960: Actress Meg Tilly was born.
-1979: Iranian guerrillas stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, trapping Ambassador William Sullivan and 100 staff members. Forces of the Ayatollah Khomeini later freed them but the incident foreshadowed the embassy takeover in November
-1989, Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, offended by "The Satanic Verses," called on Muslims to kill its British author, Salman Rushdie. He offered a $1 million reward for Rushdie's death, sending the writer into hiding. In 1998, Tehran rescinded the death sentence.
-1990: 90 people were killed and 56 injured in the crash of an Indian Airlines Airbus 320 50 yards short of the runway in Bangalore, India.
-1991: Allied commanders reported a surge in desertions of Iraqi soldiers.
-1992: The Bush administration denied lying about the fate of repatriated Haitians and asked the U.S. Supreme Court to reject efforts to stop the return of thousands of boat people. Also in 1992, on the third anniversary of his death sentence, author-in-hiding Salman Rushdie said he would no longer "go on living in a box."
-1993: Six people were systematically killed in a modern Valentine's Day massacre in a Bronx, New York, neighborhood so violent that the neighbors ignored the gunfire.
-1994: Aconvicted serial killer who admitted murdering 55 people was executed by firing squad in a Russian prison.
-1996: Republican Phil Gramm withdrew from the presidential campaign.

February 15
-1564: Galileo Galilei was born.
-1820: Susan B. Anthony, women's rights leader, was born in Adams, Massachusetts. She campaigned for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote. In 1979 she became the first woman to be depicted on U.S. currency (on the dollar coin.) She was a fierce social reformer who crusaded against slavery, was active in the temperance movement, and helped launch struggle to gain the vote for women. She endured years of public abuse from those who saw in her as a threat to the status quo. She managed to earn worldwide respect for her efforts to achieve rights for women.
-1898: US Battleship Maine blown up in Havana harbor, 260 die; "Remember the Maine".
- Matt Groening, cartoonist, was born. His sarcastically grim comic strip detailing the lives of three maladjusted rabbits, Life in Hell, became an underground success, spawned a series of books, and is now syndicated in 250 newspapers worldwide. In 1987, Groening created "The Simpsons." Setting a new standard for dysfunction, Groening and his team of writers and producers frequently send the Simpson family (named after Groening's own family) to the edge of ridiculousness, often borrowing pop culture references to keep the show relevant while at the same time just left of
mainstream.
-1961: U.N. sessions were disrupted by U.S. and African nationalists over the assassination of Congo Premier Patrice Lumumba.

February 16
-1857: Frederick Douglass elected President of Freedman Bank and Trust.
-1959: Fidel Castro proclaims himself Cuba's premier after overthrowing Batista. John McEnroe, tennis player, was born in Wiesbaden, Germany (to an American military family). At age 18 he became the youngest man to reach the Wimbledon finals. He won four U.S. Open singles titles and three Wimbledon singles titles and was a member of the American Davis Cup team. His skill
as a player was often overshadowed by his emotional outbursts on court and wrangling with umpires.

February 17
-1897: National Congress of Parents and Teachers was founded in Washington, D.C.
-1902: Marion Anderson, internationally acclaimed opera stare, was born.
-1908: Walter "Red" Barber, baseball broadcaster for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the
New York Yankees, was born in Columbus, Mississippi. Broadcasting from 1939 to 1966, he was known for his colorful phrases, such as "sitting in the catbird seat." He was elected to baseball's Hall of Fame in 1978, and enjoyed a revival near the end of his life as a weekly sports commentator on Public Broadcasting System.
-1949: Chaim Weitzman elected first President of Israel
-1967: Ronald De Voe, singer of Bell Biv DeVoe, was born in Boston, MA.

February 18
-1848: Stained glass artist Louis Comfort Tiffany was born.
-1856: The American Party, also known as the "Know-Nothing Party," nominated its first presidential candidate, former President Millard Fillmore. But, he carried only Maryland and the party soon vanished.
-1861: Jefferson Davis was sworn in as provisional president of the Confederate States of America.
-1865: After a long siege, Union naval forces captured Charleston, S.C. Sherman's troops burned the city.
-1892: Republican presidential candidate Wendell Wilkie was born.
-1893: Classical guitarist Andres Segovia was born.
-1898: Italian automaker Enzo Ferrari was born.
-1931: Toni Morrison was born.
-1920: Actor Jack Palance was born.
-1921: Barbara Hale was born.
-1922: Author and magazine editor Helen Gurley Brown was born.
-1927: George Kennedy was born.
-1930: Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, was discovered by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh.
-1931: Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford) , winner of the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, was born.
-1932: Filmmaker Milos Forman was born.
-1933: Yoko Ono, widow of John Lennon, was born.
-1950: Actress Cybill Shepherd was born.
-1954: John Travolta, actor and producer, was born in Englewood, New Jersey. His first major role came in 1975 as Vinnie Barbarino on TV's "Welcome Back Kotter." In 1977 his career took
off when "Saturday Night Fever" was released, making him a disco craze icon. He next became a teen idol with his role in "Grease." After a few movie duds he, came back with a roar with "Pulp Fiction," followed by "Get Shorty," "Broken Arrow," "Face Off," "Primary Colors," "The General's Daughter," and "Swordfish."
1957: Game show hostess Vanna White was born.
-1960: Actor Greta Scacchi was born.
-1964: Matt Dillon was born.
-1967: J. Robert Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb," died in Princeton, N.J., at the age of 62.
-1968: Molly Ringwald was born.
-1991: One person was killed and 40 more injured when the IRA bombed two railroad stations in central London.
-1993: A ferry carrying more than 800 people capsized off Haiti's western coast, killing at least 150 people and leaving several hundred more missing and presumed drowned.A plane used by missionaries with 13 people aboard was commandeered at gunpoint in Haiti and flown to
Miami, where the alleged hijacker surrendered.
-1994: U.S. skater Dan Jansen ended his Olympic drought with a win in the men's 1,000-meter speed-skating event at the 17th Olympic Winter Games in Norway.
-1995: Myrlie Evers-Williams, widow of assassinated civil rights leader Medgar Evers, was elected chairwoman of the NAACP.
-2001: A 25-year veteran of the FBI, Robert Hanssen, was arrested at a park near his suburban Washington home and charged with spying for the Russians. Dale Earnhardt Sr., stock-car racing's top driver, was killed in a crash in the final turn of the final lap of the Daytona 500. He was 49.

February 19
-1473: Nicolaus Copernicus, the father of modern astronomy, was born in Torun, a city in north-central Poland on the Vistula River
-1717: British actor David Garrick was born.
-1807: Aaron Burr, a former U.S. vice president, was arrested in Alabama on charges of plotting to annex Spanish territory in Louisiana and Mexico to be used toward the establishment of an independent republic.
-1878: Thomas Edison patented the first gramophone.
-1911: Actress Merle Oberon was born.
-1912: Bandleader Stan Kenton was born.
-1916: Jockey Eddie Arcaro was born.
-1917: Novelist Carson McCullers was born.
-1919: The 1st Pan African Congress is held in Paris, France.
-1922: Vaudeville star Ed Wynn became the first big name in show business to sign for a regular radio show.
-1923: In Moore vs. Dempsey decision, U.S. Supreme Court guaranteed due process of law to blacks in state courts.
-1924: Actor Lee Marvin was born.
-1940: Singer William "Smokey" Robinson was born.
-1942: As a security measure during World War II, the U.S. government began relocating Japanese-Americans living in coastal Pacific areas to internment camps located in remote areas of Arizona, Arkansas, inland California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming. They were allowed to return to
their homes in January 1945.
-1943: Lou Christie was born.
-1945: 30,000 US Marines landed on the island of Iwo Jima, opening one of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific during World War II.
-1946: Karen Silkwood, nuclear facility technician and union activist, was born in Longview, Texas. Silkwood, a nuclear plant laborer, died while investigating safety violations made by
her employer. Anti-nuclear activists view her as a martyr. In in 1983, her story was made into a
film, "Silkwood," starring Meryl Streep, Kurt Russell and Cher.
-1952: Author Amy Tan was born.
-1955: Actor Jeff Daniels was born.
-1966: Justine Bateman was born.
-1967: Andrew Shue and Benicio Del Toro were born.
-1963: Singer Seal was born.
-1960: Britain's Prince Andrew was born.
-1986: The Senate endorsed the United Nations convention against genocide, 37 years after President Truman first sought approval of the accord.
-1991: Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin demanded the resignation of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
-1992: Conservative candidates won South African by an election seen as a barometer of white attitudes toward President de Klerk's reforms to scrap apartheid.
-1997: China's "paramount leader" Deng Xiaoping died at age 92.
-2000: George W. Bush easily defeated Arizona Sen. John McCain in the South Carolina Republican presidential primary. President Bush, on an Asian tour, told the Japanese parliament that the United States, if necessary, would come to the aid of South Korea, the Philippines and Taiwan.

February 20
-1902: Ansel Adams was born.
-1934: "Four Saints in Three Acts" by Virgil Thompson and Gertrude Stein premieres as the first black-performed opera on Broadway.
-1962: John Glen Jr. was the first American to orbit the Earth, in the Mercury Friendship 7 spacecraft.
-1986: The Soviets lauched the main unit of the space station Mir.

February 21
-1927: Erma Bombeck, humorist and author, was born in Dayton, Ohio. She wrote fourteen best-selling humorous books about life in 'burbs.
-1965: Malcom X was assassinated in New York.
-1972: President Nixon became the first U.S. President to visit the People's Republic of China.

February 22
-1732: George Washington was born.
-1898: A black postmaster was lynched and his wife and three daughters shot and maimed for life in Lake City, S.C.
-1932: Ted Kennedy, U.S. senator and brother of president John F. Kennedy, was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He has sponsored bills on immigration reform, criminal code reform, and fair housing.
-1989: Col. Frederick Gregory was the first black astronaut to command a space-shuttle mission.

February 23
-1685: George Frederic Handel, composer, who established a great reputation as a keyboard virtuoso and had good success as an operatic composer, was born in Halle, Germany. After a stroke in 1737, he rallied, and afterwards wrote some of his greatest pieces, including his best known, Messiah (1742). His vast works included over 40 operas, about 20 oratorios, cantatas,
sacred music, and orchestral, instrumental, and vocal works.
-1868: W.E.B. Dubois, scholar, activist and author of "The Souls of Black Folk," was born.
-1905: International Rotary Club was founded.

February 24
-1922: The home of Frederick Douglass was made a national shrine.
-1966: Elected leader and first president of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, ousted in military coup while he is away on a peace mission to Vietnam.

February 25
-1853: First black YMCA is organized in Washington, D.C.
-1888: John Foster Dulles born. He was U.S. secretary of state (1953-59), born in Washington, D.C.; principal architect of cold war anti-Soviet/Chinese foreign policy, strengthened NATO.  As US secretary of state he opened a vigorous diplomacy of personal conferences with statesmen in other countries. He resigned in 1959, and was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death. Dulles airport, in Washington, D. C. is named after him.
-1913: The 16th Amendment to the U.S. constitution went into effect. It granted the right of each American to pay for their government in the form of an income tax. And asa result, the IRS would be born.
-1919: Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona was established.

February 26
-1531: An earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal, killed an estimated 20,000 people.
-1802: French novelist and poet Victor Hugo was born.
-1815: Napoleon Bonaparte and 1,200 men left his exile on the Isle of Elba to start his 100-day campaign to re-gain France.
-1829: Levi Strauss born. Died 1902. When miners wanted a sturdy pair of pants, he tried making them out of tent canvas. He shifted to a cotton imported from France, known in America as "denim," which he dyed indigo blue, and attached copper rivets at the stress points.  These pants became known as "Levi's" and were soon adopted as the work pants in the West, spreading throughout the U.S. and eventually into the rest of the world.
-1935: Germany began operation of its Air Force, the Luftwaffe, under Reichmarshall Hermann Goering.
-1846: American frontiersman William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was born.
-1852: Surgeon and cornflakes developer John Kellogg was born.
-1916: Actor Jackie Gleason was born.
-1920: Actor Tony Randall was born.
-1921: Actress Betty Hutton was born.
-1928: R&B pianist Antoine "Fats" Domino was born.
-1932: Country singer Johnny Cash was born.
-1965: Civil-rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being shot by state police in Marion, Alabama
-1987: The Tower Commission declared White House chief of staff Donald Regan had "primary responsibility for the chaos" of the Iran-Contra scandal.
-1991: U.S. Marines entered Kuwait City as Iraqi troops retreated.
-1992: A U.N. report accused Iraq of systematic human rights violations including "brutal torture" and "widespread arbitrary and summary executions" during its occupation of Kuwait.
-1993: A powerful bomb exploded in the parking garage below the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, killing six people and injuring more than 1,000 more.
-1994: 11 members of the Branch Davidian religious cult were acquitted of murder and conspiracy charges stemming from the 1993 federal raid and siege at the compound near Waco, Texas.
-1995: China agreed to enforce copyright laws, thus avoiding threatened U.S tariffs on certain imports.
-1997: The Israeli cabinet approved development of a large Jewish neighborhood in East Jerusalem, a traditionally Arab area. The action drew criticism from the Palestinian National
Authority.
-1998: A federal jury in Amarillo, Texas, ruled in favor of Oprah Winfrey in a lawsuit filed against her by Texas cattlemen. They said she had caused beef prices to fall with her 1996 talk
show about "mad cow" disease.

February 27
-1807: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born.
-1902: John Steinbeck was born.
-1932: Elizabeth Taylor born. Movie actress; born in London, England; starred in National Velvet and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?  Her black-haired, violet-eyed charm caught the eye of the Hollywood film world, and she made her screen debut at the age of 10. Generally considered one of the most beautiful women alive, Taylor earned an increased measure of critical respect as an actress in Giant (1956) and was nominated for an Oscar three times during the 1950s for Raintree County (1957), and two film versions of Tennessee Williams plays, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), and Suddenly Last Summer (1959). She won her first Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a prostitute in Butterfield 8 (1960). At the height of her market-ability as an actress, Taylor agreed to star in Cleopatra (1963) for the then-record salary of $1 million.
-1988: Debi Thomas became the first black to win an Olympic medal in figure skating.

February 28
-1984: Michael Jackson won eight Grammy Awards.